Introduction to Robotics Flashcards
What did Ken Goldberg say about robots?
‘We are fascinated by robots because they are reflection of ourselves.’
Robot
a machine which is programmed by a computer to do many complex actions automatically
– can be controlled externally or internally
– can be in human or machine form
– the word robotics is derived from the word ‘robot’
– it was introduced in public by the Czech writer Karel Capek
– The word comes from its Slavic root robota, meaning slave or servant.
What are the similarities between automatic machines and robots?
– Automatic machines can also follow through a complex series of tasks automatically.
e.g. washing machines, dishwashers and flying planes on autopilot
–Programmed by a computer is a key aspect of robots as many machines are programmed mechanically. However, now that computers are more common to be found, machines are starting to be programmed.
What are the differences between robots and automatic machines?
- Robots use sensors to adapt themselves to their surroundings. This facilitates in carrying out complex tasks.
- Robots can be used in any situation for any purpose. They are commonly used in places where humans cannot survive- deactivating bombs or in harsh factory conditions.
What was the first industrial robot?
The first industrial robot was ‘Unimate’, designed by George Devol in 1954.
He coined the term Universal Automation or Unimation.
This became the name of his robot company in 1962.
What is the full form of PUMA?
Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly (PUMA) was a robot designed by Unimation with General Motors’ design support in 1978.
What happened in 2003?
NASA’s twin robot geologists (Mars Exploration Rovers) were launched towards Mars on 10 June and 7 July.
What are the components of a robot?
- Sensors and actuators that allow it to interact with the outside world.
- It has electrical components which provide it power to run its machenical machinery.
- various mechanical constructions help to shape and form its design, so that it can accomplish a particular task.
- it has a computer program which tells it exactly which series of actions it has to perform.
Describe the types of robots.
Based on uses and applications, robots can be divided into the following categories:
1. Simple Level Robots (Washing Machine)
–>cannot carry out heavy or complex tasks.
–>support humans in their everyday tasks
2. Middle Level Robots (Fully Automatic Washing Machine)
–> cannot be reprogrammed and can perform multiple tasks
3. Complex Level Robots (Laptop)
–> can be programmed and reprogrammed
–> have a complex-model based circuit
Robots characterized based on ‘Work Environment’
- FIXED ROBOTS: used in industries for well-defined work environments
perform specific repetitive tasks
high capacity sensors - MOBILE ROBOTS: used to perform tasks in large, uncertain environments
ambiguous situations that are not defined
e.g. driving cars and drones
Robots characterized based on ‘Application’
- INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS: replace humans in a repetitive chain of tasks for simple design processes. Well-defined environments.
- SERVICE ROBOTS: improved sensors that interact with humans closely. Assist in tasks like transportation, drones and medical procedures.
- MILITARY ROBOTS: help in situations not suitable for human beings to work in.
- SPACE AND OUTER SPACE ROBOTS: used in space shuttles and space stations
Daksh
–electrically powered
–remotely controlled robot
–used in the military to locate and destroy harmful objects
IRA 2.0
HDFC bank has a humanoid robot that is used to answer FAQs for the customers.
Mitra
robot launched by PM Narendra Modi and Ivanka Trump in the GES conference in 2017.
Manav
India’s first 3-D printed humanoid robot
It can do push ups and play football
Robotics
the branch of science and computers that deals with the design, construction, operation and uses of robots, this includes the computer system that is used to operate sensory and cognitive pathways.
it works on making robots more autonomous by improving its sensors and enhancing intelligent controls.
this would allow robots to be more flexible and adaptable towards new situations.
Sophia
–a humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong based company Hanson Robots
–it has the ability to show more than 50 facial expressions
–activated on 19 April 2015 and made its first public appearance in March 2016 in Texas.
–It got the visa of Saudi Arabia in October 2017 and in November, it was named UNDP’s first Innovation Champion.
What is the difference between Robotics and Artificial Intelligence?
Robotics is the body while AI is the mind in a robot.
Robotics deals with developing the robot, while AI deals with developing its cognitive software.
AI algorithm can make the robot visualize an object and recognize what it is- Autonomous.
Artificially Intelligent Robots
AI is a technology which is used to program the software of robots.
Robots that show intelligent behaviours after being programmed by AI are called Artificially Intelligent Robots.
