Introduction to respiratory diseases in children Flashcards
Epidemiology of respiratory diseases in children;
In Nigeria, the most common infective respiratory illnesses ?
pneumonia, pharyngotonsillitis and bronchiolitis
In Nigeria, the most common non-infective respiratory illnesses
asthma,
aspiration pneumonitis and
acute chest syndrome
Approach to history taking in respiratory diseases
CONTENT I- Biodata
CONTENT II- Presenting complaints, History of presenting complaints(SACT)-symptoms, atieology, complications, treatment
CONTENT III- Past medical history
Pregnancy, labour and delivery
Feeding/Nutritional history
Immunization history
Developmental history
Drug history
Family and social history
CONTENT IV- Systemic review
CONTENT V- Summary of History
what next after history taking
hint (3)
General physical examination
Anthropometry
Systemic examination
Approach to respiratory system examination in children
hint; IPPA
Four components of a complete pulmonary examination include:
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Respiratory rates in children
newborn- 40-60c/min
infant-30-60c/min
toddler- 24-40c/min
pre-school- 22-34c/min
school age- 18-30c/min
adolescents- 12-18c/min
Overview of related investigations
Imaging of the respiratory tract- plain chest xray, computed tomography (CT) scanning
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Ventilation-perfusion scans
Pulse oximetry – oxygen saturation
Laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy - indicated in suspected foreign body aspiration, undiagnosed hoarseness, stridor, biopsy etc.
Complete blood count – acute respiratory infections
Rapid viral diagnostic methods—such as fluorescent antibody tests or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for viruses or bacteria
deformities-
SCOLIOSIS & KYPHOSIS SEEN IN?
TB
Pectus excavatum seen in?
deficiency in calcium
rickets
Barrel chest deformity seen in?
when air is trapped in chest for a long time
