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Research And Epidermiology > Introduction To Research > Flashcards

Introduction To Research Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is the systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data in order to solve a problem or answer a question.

A

Research

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2
Q

__________ is acquiring knowledge use a particular scientific methodology.

A

Science

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3
Q

__________is the in acknowledged incorporation of an individuals work into the work of another

A

Plagiarism

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4
Q

__________ is any systematic error in the design conduct or analysis that results in a mistaken estimate of the outcomes of the study

A

Bias

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5
Q

__________is the summary of what is to be achieved by the study.

A

Objective

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6
Q

A prediction of a relationship between one or more factors under study which can be tested is called_______________

A

Hypothesis

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7
Q

The characteristic of a person object or phenomenon that can take up different values is called _____________

A

Variable

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8
Q

The selection of a number of study units from a defined study population is called_________

A

Sampling

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9
Q

_____________is a sample with all the important characteristics from which it is drawn

A

Representative sample

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10
Q

___________is a list of all the units that compose the study population

A

Sampling frame

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11
Q

Developing generalizations from specific observations is called___________

A

Inductive reasoning

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12
Q

Developing specific predictions from general principles is called___________

A

Deductive reasoning

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13
Q

State two main sources of knowledge

A

1) NON SCIENTIFIC
- This is knowledge acquired with no established scientific process o acquiring it eg
2) SCIENTIFIC
- involves using scientific methodology ie collection analysis and interpretation of data to find answers to questions

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14
Q

State the six non scientific sources of knowledge

A

Rational knowledge: human reasoning, ability to use step by step logic inductive and deductive reasoning

  • Experiential: gained from lived experience
  • Authoritative : some sources of knowledge are more credible and valued than others
  • Intuitive: knowledge without proof or evidence based on experience and sensitivity
  • Divine revelation: knowledge based on faith can’t be scientifically proved
  • Role models: imitating people’s actions
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15
Q

State four scientific methods of acquiring knowledge

A

-descriptive: to give a detailed account of the aspects characteristics features of a subject
Methods are observational case study and survey
-Explanation:
-Prediction : statement of what will happen in the future
-Intervention : becoming intentionally involved in a subject matter

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16
Q

The ability to acquire knowledge without proof or evidence is called_________________

A

Intuition

17
Q

____________ is information or wisdom gained from loved experiences

A

Experiential knowledge

18
Q

The ability of a human to reason while giving step by step demonstration is called____________

A

Rational knowledge

19
Q

___________is the ability to recognize and accept reason as ones only judgement value and guide to action

A

Rationality

20
Q

________is the process of reasoning from one or more statements to come up with a logically true conclusion

A

Deductive reasoning

21
Q

Forming generalizations based on specific incidents is called __________

A

Inductive reasoning

22
Q

Knowledge from _________ is knowledge based on faith and cannot be scientifically proven

A

Divine revelation

23
Q

__________ is a detailed account of aspects characteristics and features of a subject matter on something that can be seen heard experienced or known

A

Description

24
Q

State three types of descriptive methods of sourcing knowledge

A

1)observational :behavior is closely observed
Types are naturalistic and laboratory observation
2)case study: an in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals
3)survey: answer questions In questionaries and interviews

25
Q

The extent to which research can be used in real life situations is called ___________

A

Ecological validity

26
Q

_____________ research involves an in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals

A

Case study

27
Q

__________is a statement about what you think will happen in the future

A

Prediction

28
Q

The act of becoming intentionally involved in a situation is called

A

Intervention

29
Q

List four characteristics of a good research

A
  • it demands a clear statement of the problem
  • it requires a plan
  • builds on existing data using both positive and negative findings
  • new data should be collected and organized in such a way that it answers the original question
30
Q

List ten importance of nursing research

A
  • to provide scientifically defensible reasons for nursing activities
  • to earn and defend the professional status of nursing
  • new knowledge is developed which can be used to improve nursing education and practice
  • evidence based practice facilitated good quality health care provision
  • it provides answers to questions
  • improves quality of nursing care
  • nurse managers rely on research findings for effective planning and implementation
  • enables autonomy in nurses
  • to provide evidence in support of demand of resources in nursing
  • to provide evidence of strengths and weaknesses in nursing
  • to find ways of increasing cost effectiveness
31
Q

State two main types of research

A

1) basic research :generate new knowledge and technologies understand principles and test theories
2)applied research :practical applications
Identify and evaluate problems and create interventions

32
Q

State three other types of research

A
  • Problem oriented: to sort out problems faced by particular entities
  • problem solving : done by an individual organization based
  • qualitative:collecting analysis and interpretation of data by observing what people say
  • quantitative : based on numerical data
33
Q

Explain the three primary ethical principles of research

A

1) PRINCIPLE OF BENEFICENCE AND NON MALEFICENCE
- freedom from exploitation
- Benefits from research
- Risk benefit ratio
2) PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR HUMANITY
- right to self determination
- issues in the principle of respect
3) PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE
- fair treatment
- privacy

Research And Epidermiology (4 decks)

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