Introduction to Renal Function

Question 1

Each kidney contains 1.5 million functional units called

Answer 1

Nephrons

Question 2

make up 85% of nephrons

Answer 2

Cortical Nephrons

Question 3

Responsible for removal of waste and reabsorption of nutrients

Answer 3

Cortical Nephrons

Question 4

Primary function is concentration of the urine

Answer 4

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 5

4 Renal functions of nephron

Answer 5

Renal blood flow, Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, Tubular secretion

Question 6

The human kidneys receive approx. ____% of the blood pumped through the heart

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

The varying sizes of the arterioles help to create what?

Answer 7

hydrostatic pressure

Question 8

Where is the vasa recta located?

Answer 8

adjacent to the ALH & DLH in juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 9

What does the peritubular capillaries surround?

Answer 9

PCT, DCT

Question 10

Immediate reabsorption of 60% substances

Answer 10

PCT

Question 11

The adjustment and final reabsorption of Na, and removal of excess acid

Answer 11

DCT

Question 12

where major exchange of water and salts take place

Answer 12

ALH, DLH

Question 13

The exchange of water and salts maintains what

Answer 13

osmotic gradient

Question 14

where the final concentration of urine happens

Answer 14

Collecting ducts

Question 15

Total Renal Blood flow

Answer 15

1,200 mL/min

Question 16

Total Renal plasma flow

Answer 16

600-700 mL/min

Question 17

Located within the Bowman’s capsule; a sieve that filters substances in the plasma

Answer 17

Glomerulus

Question 18

The glomerulus can only filter what substances?

Answer 18

substances with <70,000 kda

Question 19

Factors that affect Glomerular Filtration

Answer 19

1. Cellular structure
2. Hydrostatic pressure/ oncotic pressure
3. RAAS

Question 20

This increases capillary permeability but does not allow the passage of large molecules and RBCs

Answer 20

Penetrated pores

Question 21

Responsible for the restriction of large molecules as the filtrate passes through the basement membrane

Answer 21

Podocytes

Question 22

It repels molecules with a negative charge

Answer 22

Shield of Negativity

Question 23

Glomerulus is a + charge. T/F

Answer 23

False. (-) charge ang golmerulus