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Pharm 845 Exam #3 > Introduction to Psychopharmacology- Dr. Masserano > Flashcards

Introduction to Psychopharmacology- Dr. Masserano Flashcards

1
Q

APA: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V

A

-Disorder that lasts for at least 6 months
-Includes at least 1 month active phase
-At least 2 of the following
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized, negative symptoms

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2
Q

Delusion

A

-Misinterpretation of perceptions/experiences

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3
Q

Hallucinations

A
  • Usually auditory

- Voice distinct from the person’s own thoughts

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4
Q

Disorganized speech (thinking)

A
  • Conversations that slip off the tract

- Loose association

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5
Q

Grossly disorganized

A

-Inability to function in society

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6
Q

Negative symptoms

A
  • Affective flattening
  • Alogia: poverty of speech
  • Avolition: exhaustion
  • Anhodonia: without pleasure
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7
Q

Dopamine theory of psychoses

A
  • Due to excess dopaminergic activity
  • Cocaine, amphetamines, levodopa, can be causative agents
  • DA antagonists are clinically effective
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8
Q

Mesolimbic pathway

A
  • Hyperactivity = positive symptoms

- D2 blockade

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9
Q

Mesocortical pathway

A
  • Hypoactivity = negative symptoms

- Influenced by 5HT

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10
Q

Nigrostriatal pathway

A
  • Regulates motor movement

- Side effects: dopamine blockade (Pseudoparkinson)

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11
Q

Tuberoinfundibular pathway

A
  • Inhibits prolactin release

- Side effects: dopamine blockade (hyperprolactinemia)

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12
Q

Schizophrenia Neurochemistry Theory

A
  • Hyperdoaminergic transmission in the mesolimbic system (causing positive symptoms)
  • Hypodopaminergic transmission in mesocortical system (causing negative symptoms)
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13
Q

Treatment options

A
  • FGA
  • SGA
  • All are doamine D2 receptor antagonists
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14
Q

Major (unipolar) depression

A
  • Mnemonic = SALSA
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Anhedonia
  • Low self esteem
  • Appetite depression
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15
Q

SIG E CAPS screening questions

A
  • Sleep decreased
  • Interest decreased
  • Guilt
  • Energy decreased
  • Concentration difficulties
  • Appetite disturbance
  • Psychomotor retardation
  • Suicidal thoughts
  • Five of nine major positive answers to the above questions everyday for 2 weeks
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16
Q

Mania

A
  • Elevated euphoria, self esteem and grandiosity
  • Restlessness
  • High levels of energy
17
Q

Types of Manic depression (Bipolar) disorder

A
  • Bipolar I
  • Bipolar II
  • Cyclothmic
  • Dysthymic
18
Q

Bipolar I definition

A
  • Mania

- Major depression

19
Q

Bipolar II

A
  • Hypomania

- Major depression

20
Q

Cyclothymic

A
  • Hypomania

- Mild to moderate depression

21
Q

Dysthymic

A
  • Mild or moderate depression

- No discrete episodes

22
Q

Monoamine Theory of Depression

A
  • Due to a lack of CNS 5HT and NE
  • Causative agents: Reserpine and Beta blockers
  • Treatment agents: TCAs, SSRIs, MAOIs
23
Q

Neurogenesis Theory of Depression

A
  • Stress induced decreases in hippocampal neurogenesis

- Antidepressants can increase neurogenesis over 2 to 3 weeks

24
Q

Possible treatments of depression

A
  • TCAs
  • SSRIs
  • SNRIs
  • Atypical antidepressants
  • MAOIs
  • ECT
25
Q

Bipolar disorder definition

A
  • Periods of deep, prolonged and profound depression

- Alternates with periods of excessively elevated or irritable mood (Mania)

26
Q

Bipolar MANIC episodes

A
  • One week of profound mood disturbance
  • At least 3 of the following symptoms:
  • Grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Excessive talking
  • Racing thoughts
  • Increased level of goal focused activity
  • Excessive pleasurable activities
27
Q

Bipolar MAJOR depressive episodes

A
  • 2 weeks experiencing 5 or more of the following
  • Decreased mood
  • Diminished pleasure
  • Weight loss
  • Hypersomnia/insomnia
  • Loss of energy
  • Feeling of worthlessness
  • Attempted suicide
28
Q

Therapy for Bipolar MAJOR depressive disorder

A
  • Lithium
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Antipsychotics
29
Q

Potential side effects with lithium

A
  • Hypothyroid and goiter
  • Polydispisa and polyuria
  • Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
30
Q

Uses of lithium

A
  • Manic depression (bipolar)

- Acute mania

31
Q

Antipsychotic use in depression and bipolar

A
  • Antipsychotics + SSRI
  • May improve depression
  • Increases 5HT and NE release by blockade of 5HT2A receptors
32
Q

FDA approved Mood stabilizrs

A
  • Lithium
  • Valproate
  • Lamotrigine
  • Carbamazepine
  • Fluoxetine + Olanzapine
33
Q

Drugs that are NOT safe in pregnancy

A
  • Valproate
  • Carbamazepine
  • Lithium

Pharm 845 Exam #3 (7 decks)

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