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Psychometrics > Introduction to psychometrics > Flashcards

Introduction to psychometrics Flashcards

1
Q

define psychometrics

A

The measurement of various psychological constructs involving the use of standardized tests, questionnaires, and other assessment tools.

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2
Q

what does psychometrics aim to obtain?

A

numerical or qualitative data that can be used to evaluate and compare individuals or groups.

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3
Q

what does psychometrics include?

A

development, application, validation and interpretation of psychological tests.

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4
Q

what is a key goal of psychometrics?

A

develop reliable and valid measurement tools that can accurately asses psychological constructs of interest

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5
Q

What do psychometrics involve?

A

manipulation and interpretation of numbers, attention to the design and administration of tests, statistical analysis of resulting data.

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6
Q

what statistical techniques are used in psychometrics?

A

factor analysis, item response theory, and classical test theory.

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7
Q

what do psychometric statistical techniques aim to do?

A

asses the reliability and validity of the tests.

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8
Q

what is measurement?

A

the process of assigning numerical values or scores to objects and events according to rules - done in a systematic way to represent certain properties of the individual.

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9
Q

what is a test?

A

any measurement device or technique used to quantify behavior -

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10
Q

what do tests aim to do?

A

help understand and predict behavior

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11
Q

what do psychological tests aim to do?

A

operationally define and quantify the things it measures.

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12
Q

define ‘psychological measurement’

A

the measurement of human behavior

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13
Q

what is the term for behavior that is observable?

A

overt behavior

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14
Q

define covert behavior

A

mental, social or physical action that is not immediately observable

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15
Q

what is a psychological test?

A

a test/systematic procedure designed to provide quantitative analysis of a person’s mental capacities or traits, typically as shown by responses to a series of standardized questions or statements (test)

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16
Q

how do we quantify behavior?

A

through test items

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17
Q

what do test items aim to do?

A

quantify behavior.

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18
Q

what is a test item?

A

a specific stimulus to which a person responds overtly - such as test questions, tasks a person must perform, response to a statement etc.

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19
Q

what are psychological tests used for?

A

obtaining samples of behavior relevant to cognitive or affective functioning, and scoring and evaluating those samples according to standards

20
Q

what is an individual test?

A

a psychological test designed to be administered to one person at a time

21
Q

what are the advantages of individual tests?

A

useful for collecting comprehensive and very detailed information , can carefully control testing conditions and test administration.

22
Q

what are the disadvantages of individual tests?

A

usually some degree of subjectivity in the scoring, time, cost, and labor intensive

23
Q

what is a group test?

A

a psychological test designed to be administered to more than one person at a time.

24
Q

what are the advantages of a group test?

A

scoring is usually more objective, economical and time saving.

25
Q

what are the disadvantages of a group test?

A

cannot obtain in depth information, difficult to standardize testing conditions

25
Q

what are ability tests?

A

tests that measure skills in terms of speed, accuracy, or both.

25
Q

what are tests that measure skills in terms of speed, accuracy, or both, referred to?

A

ability tests

26
Q

name the types of ability tests

A

achievement tests, aptitude tests and intelligence tests

27
Q

what do aptitude ability tests measure?

A

potential for acquiring a specific skill/learning, capability of learning a specific task or acquiring a specific skill

28
Q

which ability test measures the potential for acquiring a specific skill/learning?

A

aptitude ability test

29
Q

what do achievement ability tests measure?

A

previous learning

30
Q

which ability test measures previous learning?

A

achievement ability test

31
Q

what do intelligence ability tests measure?

A

general mental abilities, intellectual functioning

32
Q

which ability test measures general mental abilities?

A

intelligence ability test

33
Q

what do personality tests measure?

A

typical behavior; traits, temperaments, dispositions etc. designed to measure a persons individuality

34
Q

define a structured personality test

A

objective - consists of self-reported statements where the test-taker would choose between 2 or more response options

35
Q

define an unstructured personality test

A

projective - personality tests require spontaneous responses from test-takers, that is, they are not given an option of answers.

36
Q

what are the types of personality tests?

A

structured and unstructured

37
Q

what is the difference between a structured and unstructured personality test?

A

structured personality tests are objective, they consist of self-reported statements where the test taker has the option of choosing between two or more answers, unstructured personality tests are projective, they require spontaneous responses from test takers, test takers are not given options of answers.

38
Q

what is TAT?

A

Thematic Apperception Test - example of a projective (unstructured) personality test. consists of 31 ambiguous pictures shown to the test-taker. The test-taker is then asked to make up a story of what is happening in each picture separately.

39
Q

What does TAT aim to reveal?

A

the test-taker’s attitudes, inner conflicts, and inner motives. It is also supposed to tell us something about how important achievement, power, and intimacy are for the test-taker.

40
Q

what categories refer to the mode of interpretation of tests?

A

norm and criterion referenced tests

41
Q

define norm-referenced tests

A

tests where the score you get on the test is judged against the distribution of scores obtained by the other test-takers. (distribution is called the norm)

42
Q

what do norm-referenced tests result in?

A

ranking the performance of the person in a particular group.

43
Q

what do norm-referenced tests do?

A

compares an individuals results on the test with a statistically representative sample

44
Q

define criterion-referenced tests

A

compare an individual’s results to a criterion or expected level of performance

45
Q

what do criterion-referenced tests do?

A

establishes the standard/requirements or what is referred to as the criterion – and then mark individuals against it

Psychometrics (5 decks)

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