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conduct > introduction to psychology > Flashcards

introduction to psychology Flashcards

1
Q

ORIGIN OF PSYCHOLOGY

A

In simple words psychology is a systematic and scientific
study of behaviour and mental processes - both overt and
covert.

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2
Q

psyche and logo

A

spirit or soul and study

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3
Q

it is empirical and does not deal with the problems relating to the soul

A

modern psychology

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4
Q

fused the mind in place of the “soul”

A

james william

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5
Q

study of consciousness
father of psychology
the science of the behavior of the human beings

A

wilhem wundt

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6
Q

primary goals of psychology

A

Decribe behaviour - what is the nature of this behaviour?
Understand and explain behaviour why does it occur?
Predict behaviour- can we forecast when and

Control behaviour what factors influence this behaviour?
under what circumstances it will occur?

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7
Q

he made assumptions out of observation regarding human behavior. he believed that all beings, human included, have souls, which animate them.

A

aristotle

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8
Q

supported the view that humans enter the world with an inborn store of knowledge.

A

rene descartes

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9
Q

john locke

A

believed that at birth the human mind is a “tabula rasa” or a blank slate

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

the author of the law of natural selection or theory of evolution

A

charles darwin

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12
Q

he was concerned with the study of individual differences.
father of mental tests

A

francis galton

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13
Q

german physicians who started experimenting with behavior through scientific methodologies

A

ernst weber, gustav fechner, herman von helmholtz

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14
Q

g. stanley hall

A

a student of wundt’s who established what many consider as the first american psychologist laboratory at john’s hopkins university in 1883

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15
Q

hermann ebbinghaus

A

a german who reported on the first experiments on memory

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16
Q

study of the parts of conscious experiences through introspection

A

structuralism

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17
Q

conscious experiences

A

composed of sensations, feelings, and images

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18
Q

introspection

A

a process of studying the self or self examination

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19
Q

defines behavior or the mental phenomena in terms of their fuctions in man’s adjusment to his environment

A

functionalism

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20
Q

gestalt psychology

A

believed that the human mind imposes meaning to related experiences

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21
Q

behaviorism

A

emphasized the ned to study what is observable.

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22
Q

psychoanalysis

A

much of our behavior is governed by unconscious motive and primitive biological instricts.

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23
Q

established the first psychological laboratory in leipzig

A

wilhem wundt

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24
Q

published principles of psychology

A

william james

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25
Q

published the interpretation of dreams

A

sigmund feud

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26
Q

developed the 1st standardized intelligence test

A

alfred binet & theodore simon

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27
Q

published the results of his learning experiments with dogs

A

ivan pavlov

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28
Q

john b watson

A

wrote his book on behaviorism, promoting the importance of environmental influences

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29
Q

criticized freud’s theory as male biased and presents her socio-cultural approach

A

karen horney

30
Q

published “on becoming a person; developed the client-centered therapy”

A

carl rogers

31
Q

published childhood and society

A

erik erikson

32
Q

published the behavior of organisms

A

bf skinner

33
Q

won nobel prize for split-brain research

A

roger wolcott sperry

34
Q

introduced the humanistic perspective

A

abraham maslow

35
Q

introduced the social learning theory

A

albert bandura

36
Q

behavioral approach

A

emphasized the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants

37
Q

personality is influenced by biological factors such as genetics and biochemistry

A

biological approach

38
Q

emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants

A

behavioral approach

39
Q

emphasizes the mental processes involved in knowing: directing our attention, perceiving, remembering, thinking and solving problems

A

cognitive approach

40
Q

emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological instincts and society’s demands

A

psychodynamic/psychoanalytic

41
Q

emphasizes a person’s capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose a destiny and positive qualities

A

humanstic

42
Q

study of higher mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception,
problem solving, and thinking

A

cognitive psychology

43
Q

in the field of behavioral neuroscience attempts to obtain an understanding of how the
nervous system interacts with the rest of the body. It focuses on uncovering the neural
underpinnings of how individuals with different nervous systems behave differently, how
these differences in behavior may result from an underlying neurophysiological basis, and
how these neural processes contribute to the production of behavioral traits.

A

physiological psychology

44
Q

the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of
their lives. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include
adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.

A

developmental psychology

45
Q

Social psychologists are interested in all aspects of personality and social interaction,
exploring the influence of interpersonal and group relationships on human behavior.

A

social psychology

46
Q

School Psychology, a general practice of Health Service Psychology, is concerned with
children, youth, families, and the schooling process.

A

school psychology

47
Q

The specialty of industrial-organizational psychology (also called I/O psychology) is
characterized by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the work place.

A

industrial/organizational psychology

48
Q

Forensic psychology is a specialty in professional psychology characterized by activities
primarily intended to provide professional psychological expertise within the judicial and legal
systems.

A

forensic psychology

49
Q

are concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disturbances.

A

clinical psychology

50
Q

an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the
interplay between individuals and their surroundings. The field defines the
term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social
settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational
environments.

A

environmental psychology

51
Q

is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders.

A

psychiatry

52
Q

is a generalist health service (HSP) specialty in professional psychology that uses a
broad range of culturally-informed and culturally-sensitive practices to help people improve their well-being,
prevent and alleviate distress and maladjustment, resolve crises, and increase their ability to function better in
their lives.

A

counseling psychology

53
Q

Feminine psychology or the psychology of women is an approach that focuses on
social, economic, and political issues confronting women all throughout their lives.

A

psychology of women

54
Q

pursues the goals of control and explanation

A

experimental method

55
Q

pursues the goal of description

A

descriptive research

56
Q

the systematic study of human psychological processes and behavior across
multiple cultures, involving the observation of similarities and differences in
values, practices, and so forth between different societies.

A

cross cultural psychology

57
Q

pursues the goal of prediction

A

correlational research

58
Q

research that manipulates one or more variables, while controlling other factors to determine the effects of one or more other variables

A

experimental method

59
Q

variable manipulated by the experimenter to determine its effect on another

A

independent variable

59
Q

variable showing the effect of the independent variable

A

dependent variable

60
Q

participants who are exposed to the experimental condition of interest

A

experimental group

61
Q

participants who are not exposed to the experimental condition of interest

A

control group

62
Q

research that involves the recording of behaviors that have been observed systematically

A

descriptive research

63
Q

observing behavior in their natural environment

A

naturalistic observation

64
Q

an in depth study of an individual

A

case studies

65
Q

a set of questions related to a particular topic of interest administered to a sample of people through an interview or questionnaire

A

surveys

66
Q

a formal sample of a person’s behavior wether written or performed

A

psychological testing

67
Q

the systematic examination of collections of letters, manuscripts, tape recordings, video recordings or other records

A

archival research

68
Q

research that studies the degree of relationship between two or more variables

A

correlational research

69
Q

an event, behavior or condition or characteristic

A

variables

70
Q

degree of relationship between two or more variables

A

correlation

conduct (4 decks)

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