introduction to psychology

Question 1

ORIGIN OF PSYCHOLOGY

Answer 1

In simple words psychology is a systematic and scientific
study of behaviour and mental processes - both overt and
covert.

Question 2

psyche and logo

Answer 2

spirit or soul and study

Question 3

it is empirical and does not deal with the problems relating to the soul

Answer 3

modern psychology

Question 4

fused the mind in place of the “soul”

Answer 4

james william

Question 5

study of consciousness
father of psychology
the science of the behavior of the human beings

Answer 5

wilhem wundt

Question 6

primary goals of psychology

Answer 6

Decribe behaviour - what is the nature of this behaviour?
Understand and explain behaviour why does it occur?
Predict behaviour- can we forecast when and

Control behaviour what factors influence this behaviour?
under what circumstances it will occur?

Question 7

he made assumptions out of observation regarding human behavior. he believed that all beings, human included, have souls, which animate them.

Answer 7

aristotle

Question 8

supported the view that humans enter the world with an inborn store of knowledge.

Answer 8

rene descartes

Question 9

john locke

Answer 9

believed that at birth the human mind is a “tabula rasa” or a blank slate

Question 11

the author of the law of natural selection or theory of evolution

Answer 11

charles darwin

Question 12

he was concerned with the study of individual differences.
father of mental tests

Answer 12

francis galton

Question 13

german physicians who started experimenting with behavior through scientific methodologies

Answer 13

ernst weber, gustav fechner, herman von helmholtz

Question 14

g. stanley hall

Answer 14

a student of wundt’s who established what many consider as the first american psychologist laboratory at john’s hopkins university in 1883

Question 15

hermann ebbinghaus

Answer 15

a german who reported on the first experiments on memory

Question 16

study of the parts of conscious experiences through introspection

Answer 16

structuralism

Question 17

conscious experiences

Answer 17

composed of sensations, feelings, and images

Question 18

introspection

Answer 18

a process of studying the self or self examination

Question 19

defines behavior or the mental phenomena in terms of their fuctions in man’s adjusment to his environment

Answer 19

functionalism

Question 20

gestalt psychology

Answer 20

believed that the human mind imposes meaning to related experiences

Question 21

behaviorism

Answer 21

emphasized the ned to study what is observable.

Question 22

psychoanalysis

Answer 22

much of our behavior is governed by unconscious motive and primitive biological instricts.

Question 23

established the first psychological laboratory in leipzig

Answer 23

wilhem wundt

Question 24

published principles of psychology

Answer 24

william james

Question 25

published the interpretation of dreams

Answer 25

sigmund feud

Question 26

developed the 1st standardized intelligence test

Answer 26

alfred binet & theodore simon

Question 27

published the results of his learning experiments with dogs

Answer 27

ivan pavlov

Question 28

john b watson

Answer 28

wrote his book on behaviorism, promoting the importance of environmental influences

Question 29

criticized freud's theory as male biased and presents her socio-cultural approach

Answer 29

karen horney

Question 30

published "on becoming a person; developed the client-centered therapy"

Answer 30

carl rogers

Question 31

published childhood and society

Answer 31

erik erikson

Question 32

published the behavior of organisms

Answer 32

bf skinner

Question 33

won nobel prize for split-brain research

Answer 33

roger wolcott sperry

Question 34

introduced the humanistic perspective

Answer 34

abraham maslow

Question 35

introduced the social learning theory

Answer 35

albert bandura

Question 36

behavioral approach

Answer 36

emphasized the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants

Question 37

personality is influenced by biological factors such as genetics and biochemistry

Answer 37

biological approach

Question 38

emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants

Answer 38

behavioral approach

Question 39

emphasizes the mental processes involved in knowing: directing our attention, perceiving, remembering, thinking and solving problems

Answer 39

cognitive approach

Question 40

emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological instincts and society's demands

Answer 40

psychodynamic/psychoanalytic

Question 41

emphasizes a person's capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose a destiny and positive qualities

Answer 41

humanstic

Question 42

study of higher mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, and thinking

Answer 42

cognitive psychology

Question 43

in the field of behavioral neuroscience attempts to obtain an understanding of how the nervous system interacts with the rest of the body. It focuses on uncovering the neural underpinnings of how individuals with different nervous systems behave differently, how these differences in behavior may result from an underlying neurophysiological basis, and how these neural processes contribute to the production of behavioral traits.

Answer 43

physiological psychology

Question 44

the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.

Answer 44

developmental psychology

Question 45

Social psychologists are interested in all aspects of personality and social interaction, exploring the influence of interpersonal and group relationships on human behavior.

Answer 45

social psychology

Question 46

School Psychology, a general practice of Health Service Psychology, is concerned with children, youth, families, and the schooling process.

Answer 46

school psychology

Question 47

The specialty of industrial-organizational psychology (also called I/O psychology) is characterized by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the work place.

Answer 47

industrial/organizational psychology

Question 48

Forensic psychology is a specialty in professional psychology characterized by activities primarily intended to provide professional psychological expertise within the judicial and legal systems.

Answer 48

forensic psychology

Question 49

are concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disturbances.

Answer 49

clinical psychology

Question 50

an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational environments.

Answer 50

environmental psychology

Question 51

is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders.

Answer 51

psychiatry

Question 52

is a generalist health service (HSP) specialty in professional psychology that uses a broad range of culturally-informed and culturally-sensitive practices to help people improve their well-being, prevent and alleviate distress and maladjustment, resolve crises, and increase their ability to function better in their lives.

Answer 52

counseling psychology

Question 53

Feminine psychology or the psychology of women is an approach that focuses on social, economic, and political issues confronting women all throughout their lives.

Answer 53

psychology of women

Question 54

pursues the goals of control and explanation

Answer 54

experimental method

Question 55

pursues the goal of description

Answer 55

descriptive research

Question 56

the systematic study of human psychological processes and behavior across multiple cultures, involving the observation of similarities and differences in values, practices, and so forth between different societies.

Answer 56

cross cultural psychology

Question 57

pursues the goal of prediction

Answer 57

correlational research

Question 58

research that manipulates one or more variables, while controlling other factors to determine the effects of one or more other variables

Answer 58

experimental method

Question 59

variable manipulated by the experimenter to determine its effect on another

Answer 59

independent variable

Question 59

variable showing the effect of the independent variable

Answer 59

dependent variable

Question 60

participants who are exposed to the experimental condition of interest

Answer 60

experimental group

Question 61

participants who are not exposed to the experimental condition of interest

Answer 61

control group

Question 62

research that involves the recording of behaviors that have been observed systematically

Answer 62

descriptive research

Question 63

observing behavior in their natural environment

Answer 63

naturalistic observation

Question 64

an in depth study of an individual

Answer 64

case studies

Question 65

a set of questions related to a particular topic of interest administered to a sample of people through an interview or questionnaire

Answer 65

surveys

Question 66

a formal sample of a person's behavior wether written or performed

Answer 66

psychological testing

Question 67

the systematic examination of collections of letters, manuscripts, tape recordings, video recordings or other records

Answer 67

archival research

Question 68

research that studies the degree of relationship between two or more variables

Answer 68

correlational research

Question 69

an event, behavior or condition or characteristic

Answer 69

variables

Question 70

degree of relationship between two or more variables

Answer 70

correlation