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BRS Psychiatry > Introduction to Psychiatry I > Flashcards

Introduction to Psychiatry I Flashcards

1
Q

How many people will have a mental health disorder in their lifetime?

A

1 in 3

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2
Q

How many GP consultations have a mental health component?

A

1 in 3

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3
Q

Do most people fully recover?

A

Yes

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4
Q

How is the engagement with patients?

A

Poor engagement with patients sometimes

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5
Q

How many people feel stigmatised?

A

3 in 4
Many people are scared to discuss illness

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6
Q

How much of the NHS funding funds mental health?

A

10%

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7
Q

How can you treat mental illness?

A

Psychotherapies
Social therapies
Medication

(excellent evidence based)

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8
Q

What is the difference between mental and physical illness?

A

No scientific basis to diagnosis
Similar to 18th century medicine
Diagnose by symptom cluster- not aetiology or pathology
Uncertainty about diagnosis
Dispute about existence of mental illness
Perceived lack of treatment
Agents of social control

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9
Q

What are symptoms of anxiety? (9)

A

Psychic:
- Feeling fear or dread

Physical symptoms:
- Palpitations
- Sweating
- Dry mouth
- Splanchnic vasoconstriction (butterflies)
- Tremor
- Paraesthesia (pins and needles)
- Depersonalisation
- Syncope

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10
Q

What are symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder- obsessions? (6)

A

Ego-dystonic thoughts
Repetitive, circular ruminations
May be bizarre and sound delusional
Insight maintained
Unbidden and resisted
Resistance leads to anxiety

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11
Q

What are symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder- compulsions? (3)

A

Motor response to obsessional thoughts
Often ritualistic, stereotyped, precise

E.g.,:
- Handwashing
- Counting
- Arranging and symmetry
- Checking door locks

Start again if interrupted or doubt

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12
Q

How can anxiety be classified? (7)

A

Generalised anxiety disorder
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Simple phobia
Social phobia

Obsessive compulsive disorder
Post traumatic stress disorder

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13
Q

What is anxiety’s epidemiology?

A

Anxiety is normal and useful.
Anxiety is only a disorder if it is excessive, impacts on life or out of context.

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14
Q

What are 4 facts about anxiety?

A

Most common cause of mental disorder
Estimates of lifetime prevalence between 14 and 33%
More common in females (2:1)
Median onset age is 11

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15
Q

What can you do to treat anxiety?

A

Course of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
Clomipramine
(medication and psychological therapies)

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of mental illness?

A

Anxiety

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17
Q

What are the core features of depression?

A

Pervasive low mood/ sadness
Loss of energy (anergia)
Loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)

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18
Q

What are the physical symptoms of depression?

A

Loss of appetite
weight loss
Diurnal variation of mood
Poor sleep
Loss of libido
Constipation
Psychomotor slowing or agitation

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19
Q

What are the psychological symptoms of depression?

A

Poor concentration
Feelings of guilt
Feelings of hopelessness
Low self-esteem
Indecisive
Suicidal ideation
Delusions

20
Q

How many suicides in the UK anually?

A

over 6000

21
Q

What is the most common cause of death in young men?

A

Suicide

22
Q

What is the male to female ratio of suicide?

A

3:1

23
Q

Rates of suicide are rising in which group of people?

A

young and middle aged men

24
Q

What is the most common method of suicide?

A

Hanging

25
Q

What is suicide most commonly associated with

A

Drug and alcohol use disorders and depression

26
Q

What is the treatment for depression?

A

Medication: antidepressants (response after 2-3 weeks)

Psychological therapies: (12 session of cognitive behavioural therapy)

Social prescribing: Exercise, company (90% of patients make a full recovery)

27
Q

What are the symptoms of mania?

A

Elated mood
Irritability
Over-energized
Grandiose
Little need for sleep
Poor concentration
Poor judgement
Over-spending
Rapid speech

28
Q

What are the symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Hallucinations
Delusion
Abnormal Behaviour
Disorganised Speech
Disturbances of emotions
Passivity
Thought alienation

29
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Hearing, seeing or feeling things that are not there

30
Q

What are delusions?

A

Fixed false beliefs not shared by others in the person’s culture and that are firmly held even when there is evidence to the contrary.

31
Q

What is meant by abnormal behaviour?

A

Disorganised behaviour such as wandering aimlessly, mumbling or laughing to self, strange appearance, self-neglect or appearing unkempt

32
Q

What is meant by disorganised speech?

A

Incoherent or irrelevant speech

33
Q

what is meant by disturbances of emotions?

A

Marked apathy or disconnect between reported emotion and what is observed such as facial expression or body language

34
Q

What is formal thought disorder (linked to schizophrenia)?

A

Failing to follow the semantic and syntactic rules of language

35
Q

What are treatments for schizophrenia?

A

Antipsychotics
Psychological therapies
Family therapy
Arts therapies

36
Q

What are the 4 key features of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions
Disorganised speech
Hallucinations
Negative symptoms

37
Q

Key features of schizophrenia: delusions

A

Fixed false beliefs
Persecutory
Bizarre
Thought possession and passivity

38
Q

Key features of schizophrenia: Disorganised speech

A

Neologisms
Formal thought disorder

39
Q

What are the 4 key features of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions
Disorganised speech
Hallucinations
Negative symptoms

40
Q

Key features of schizophrenia: Hallucinations

A

Second person
Third person
Tactile

41
Q

Key features of schizophrenia: Negative symptoms

A

Apathy
Social withdrawal
Poor self care

42
Q

What is the state of mind of depression?

A

horrible, corrosive state of mind

43
Q

What is the lifetime risk of depression?

A

10% lifetime risk

44
Q

Do most people make a full recovery with depression?

A

Yes

45
Q

How many patients with schizophrenia develop chronic symptoms?

A

1 in 3

46
Q

What is the lifetime risk of schizophrenia?

A

1%

BRS Psychiatry (11 decks)

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