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PROGRAMMING 11 - 1ST QUARTER > Introduction to Programming > Flashcards

Introduction to Programming Flashcards

1
Q

A set of instructions a computer follows in order to perform a task. Also known as software.

A

Computer Program

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2
Q

A special language used to write computer programs.

A

Programming Language

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3
Q

Words that have a special meaning in the programming language. May be used for their intended purpose only.

A

Key Words

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4
Q

Symbols/words that perform operations on one or more operands.

A

Operators

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5
Q

Usually an item of data, such as a number.

A

Operands

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6
Q

Most programming languages require the use of these characters. These characters serve specific purposes, such as marking the beginning or ending of a statement, or separating
items in a list

A

Punctuation

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7
Q

Unlike key words, which are part of the programming
language, these are words or names that are defined by the
programmer. They are used to identify storage locations in
memory and parts of the program that are created by the
programmer. Also called as “identifiers”.

A

Programmer-Defined Names

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8
Q

These are rules that must be followed when writing a program. Dictates how key words and operators may be used, and where punctuation symbols must appear.

A

Syntax

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9
Q

Tools used in writing a computer program. Also the medium of communication between the user and the machine. It is also a notation to express an algorithm.

A

Algorithm

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10
Q

A general purpose, procedural programming language. It was originally
designed to be simple enough for beginners to learn.

A

BASIC

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11
Q

What does BASIC stand for?

A

Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

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12
Q

A procedural language designed for programming complex mathematical algorithms.

A

FORTRAN

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13
Q

What does FORTRAN stand for?

A

FORmula TRANslator

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14
Q

A procedural language
designed for business applications

A

COBOL

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15
Q

What does COBOL stand for?

A

Common Business-Oriented Language

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16
Q

A structured, general-purpose, procedural language
designed primarily for teaching programming.

A

Pascal

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17
Q

A structured, general-purpose, procedural language
developed at Bell Laboratories.

A

C

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18
Q

Offers object-oriented features
not found in C. Was also invented at Bell Laboratories.

A

C++

19
Q

A language invented by Microsoft for
developing applications based on the Microsoft .NET platform.

A

C# (C sharp)

20
Q

An object-oriented language invented at Sun Microsystems, and is now owned by Oracle. It may be used to
develop stand-alone applications that operate on a single
computer, applications that run over the Internet from a Web
server, and applets that run in a Web browser.

A

Java

21
Q

A programming language that can be used in a Website to perform simple operations. Not related to Java.

A

JavaScript

22
Q

A general-purpose programming language used widely on
Internet servers.

A

Perl

23
Q

A programming language used primarily for developing Web
server applications and dynamic Web pages.

A

PHP

24
Q

An object-oriented programming language used in
both business and academia. Many popular Web sites contain
features developed in this language.

A

Python

25
Q

A simple but powerful object-oriented programming
language. It can be used for a variety of purposes, from small
utility programs to large Web applications.

A

Ruby

26
Q

A Microsoft programming language and software
development environment that allows programmers to create
Windows-based applications quickly.

A

Visual Basic

27
Q

A step by step instruction to be carried out.

A

Algorithm

28
Q

➢ It is the native language of the compiler
➢ It is a language that the system of instructions and data directly
understandable by a computer’s central processing unit.
➢ The instruction is a binary string of 1’s and 0’s that specify the
operation and identifies the memory cell

A

Machine Language

29
Q

➢ It is the native language of the compiler
➢ a language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer’s
microprocessor.
➢ also called assembly languages and the instruction are written as
mnemonics

A

Low Level Language

30
Q

A 3-7 letter of the actual instruction to be performed.

A

Mnemonic

31
Q

➢ Data stored in the memory referenced by descriptive names rather
than memory address
➢ This language may be more abstract, easier to use, or more
portable across platforms.
➢ The instruction in this language must always conform to the syntax
of the language specified in the language standard

A

High Level Language

32
Q

A computer program that transforms code written in a high-level
programming language into the machine code. It is a program which translates the human-readable code to a language a computer processor understands (binary 1 and 0 bits).

A

Compiler

33
Q

A computer program, which coverts each high-level program
statement into the machine code.

A

Interpreter

34
Q

Can be defined as a programming model which is derived from
structured programming, based upon the concept of calling
procedure.

A

Procedural Programming

35
Q

What are the languages used in Procedural Programming?

A

FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, C

36
Q

Can be defined as a programming model which is based upon the concept of objects. Objects contain data in the form of attributes and code in the form of methods. Computer programs are designed using the concept of objects that interact with real world.

A

Object-Oriented Programming

37
Q

What are the languages used in Object Oriented Programming?

A

Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Objective-C, Darl, Swift, Scala

38
Q

Who led the team that developed Java at Sun Microsystems?

A

James Gosling

39
Q

Where was Java developed?

A

Sun Microsystems

40
Q

What was Java originally called?

A

Oak

41
Q

What are the 12 features of Java?

A
  1. Object-Oriented
  2. Simple
  3. Secured
  4. Platform Independent
  5. Robust
  6. Portable
  7. Architecture Neutral
  8. Dynamic
  9. Interpreted
  10. High Performance
  11. Multithreaded
  12. Distributed
42
Q

An abstract machine. It is a specification
that provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed.

A

JVM (Java Virtual Machine)

43
Q

What are the operations that JVM performs?

A

o Loads code
o Verifies code
o Executes code
o Provides runtime environment

44
Q

JVM provides definitions for what?

A

o Memory area
o Class file format
o Register set
o Garbage-collected heap
o Fatal error reporting etc.

PROGRAMMING 11 - 1ST QUARTER (5 decks)

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