Introduction to Programming Flashcards
A set of instructions a computer follows in order to perform a task. Also known as software.
Computer Program
A special language used to write computer programs.
Programming Language
Words that have a special meaning in the programming language. May be used for their intended purpose only.
Key Words
Symbols/words that perform operations on one or more operands.
Operators
Usually an item of data, such as a number.
Operands
Most programming languages require the use of these characters. These characters serve specific purposes, such as marking the beginning or ending of a statement, or separating
items in a list
Punctuation
Unlike key words, which are part of the programming
language, these are words or names that are defined by the
programmer. They are used to identify storage locations in
memory and parts of the program that are created by the
programmer. Also called as “identifiers”.
Programmer-Defined Names
These are rules that must be followed when writing a program. Dictates how key words and operators may be used, and where punctuation symbols must appear.
Syntax
Tools used in writing a computer program. Also the medium of communication between the user and the machine. It is also a notation to express an algorithm.
Algorithm
A general purpose, procedural programming language. It was originally
designed to be simple enough for beginners to learn.
BASIC
What does BASIC stand for?
Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
A procedural language designed for programming complex mathematical algorithms.
FORTRAN
What does FORTRAN stand for?
FORmula TRANslator
A procedural language
designed for business applications
COBOL
What does COBOL stand for?
Common Business-Oriented Language
A structured, general-purpose, procedural language
designed primarily for teaching programming.
Pascal
A structured, general-purpose, procedural language
developed at Bell Laboratories.
C
Offers object-oriented features
not found in C. Was also invented at Bell Laboratories.
C++
A language invented by Microsoft for
developing applications based on the Microsoft .NET platform.
C# (C sharp)
An object-oriented language invented at Sun Microsystems, and is now owned by Oracle. It may be used to
develop stand-alone applications that operate on a single
computer, applications that run over the Internet from a Web
server, and applets that run in a Web browser.
Java
A programming language that can be used in a Website to perform simple operations. Not related to Java.
JavaScript
A general-purpose programming language used widely on
Internet servers.
Perl
A programming language used primarily for developing Web
server applications and dynamic Web pages.
PHP
An object-oriented programming language used in
both business and academia. Many popular Web sites contain
features developed in this language.
Python
A simple but powerful object-oriented programming
language. It can be used for a variety of purposes, from small
utility programs to large Web applications.
Ruby
A Microsoft programming language and software
development environment that allows programmers to create
Windows-based applications quickly.
Visual Basic
A step by step instruction to be carried out.
Algorithm
➢ It is the native language of the compiler
➢ It is a language that the system of instructions and data directly
understandable by a computer’s central processing unit.
➢ The instruction is a binary string of 1’s and 0’s that specify the
operation and identifies the memory cell
Machine Language
➢ It is the native language of the compiler
➢ a language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer’s
microprocessor.
➢ also called assembly languages and the instruction are written as
mnemonics
Low Level Language
A 3-7 letter of the actual instruction to be performed.
Mnemonic
➢ Data stored in the memory referenced by descriptive names rather
than memory address
➢ This language may be more abstract, easier to use, or more
portable across platforms.
➢ The instruction in this language must always conform to the syntax
of the language specified in the language standard
High Level Language
A computer program that transforms code written in a high-level
programming language into the machine code. It is a program which translates the human-readable code to a language a computer processor understands (binary 1 and 0 bits).
Compiler
A computer program, which coverts each high-level program
statement into the machine code.
Interpreter
Can be defined as a programming model which is derived from
structured programming, based upon the concept of calling
procedure.
Procedural Programming
What are the languages used in Procedural Programming?
FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, C
Can be defined as a programming model which is based upon the concept of objects. Objects contain data in the form of attributes and code in the form of methods. Computer programs are designed using the concept of objects that interact with real world.
Object-Oriented Programming
What are the languages used in Object Oriented Programming?
Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Objective-C, Darl, Swift, Scala
Who led the team that developed Java at Sun Microsystems?
James Gosling
Where was Java developed?
Sun Microsystems
What was Java originally called?
Oak
What are the 12 features of Java?
- Object-Oriented
- Simple
- Secured
- Platform Independent
- Robust
- Portable
- Architecture Neutral
- Dynamic
- Interpreted
- High Performance
- Multithreaded
- Distributed
An abstract machine. It is a specification
that provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed.
JVM (Java Virtual Machine)
What are the operations that JVM performs?
o Loads code
o Verifies code
o Executes code
o Provides runtime environment
JVM provides definitions for what?
o Memory area
o Class file format
o Register set
o Garbage-collected heap
o Fatal error reporting etc.
