Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions Flashcards
What is a Bulla?
a circumscribed, elevated lesion that is more than 5 mm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister
Not something commonly seen in intraoral/extraoral environment.
What is a lobule?
A segment or lobe that is a part of the whole; these lobes sometimes appear fused together.
what is a macula(macule)?
an area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissue; it is flat and does not protrude above the surface of the normal tissue. A freckle(ephilides) is an example of a macule.
what is a papule?
A small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue.
what is a pustule?
Variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus
Pedunculated
attached by a stemlike or stalk base similar to that of a mushroom.
what is a sessile?
These are lesions you will commonly come across in practice.
Describing the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike.
what is a vesicle?
A small, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that contains serous fluid.
what is a nodule?
A palpable solid lesion up to 1 cm in diameter found in soft tissue; it can occur above, level with, or beneath the skin surface.
palpation
The evaluation of a lesion by feeling it with the fingers to determine the texture of the area; the descriptive terms for palpation are soft, firm, semi firm, and fluid filled; these terms also describe the consistency of a lesion.
erythema
abnormal redness of mucosa or gingiva.
pallor
paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues
corrugated
wrinkled
fissure
a cleft or groove, normal or otherwise showing prominent depth
papillary
resembling small, nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters.
coalescence
radiographic term to describe lesion in bone.
the process by which parts of a whole join together or fuse to make one.
Diffuse
radiographic term to describe lesions in bone.
Describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion; this may make treatment more difficult and, depending on the biopsy results, more radical
multilocular
radiographic term to describe lesions in bone.
Describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together, making up the entire lesion; a multilocular radiolucency is sometimes described as resembling soap bubbles; an odontogenic keratocyst often presents as a multilocular radiolucent lesion
root resorption
the apex of the tooth appears shortened or blunted and irregularly shaped; it occurs as a response to stimuli, which can include a cyst, tumor, or trauma
external resorption
arises from tissue outside the tooth such as the PDL
internal resorption
triggered by pulpal tissue reaction from within the tooth.
scalloping around the root
A radiolucent lesion that extends between the roots, as seen in a traumatic bone cyst; this lesion appears to extend up the periodontal ligament
unilocular
Having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined as in a simple radicular cyst
well circumscribed
describe a lesion with borders that are specifically designed and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent
erythoplakia
a clinical term used to describe an oral mucosal lesion that appears as a smooth red patch or granular, red and velvety patch that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease.
leukoplakia
a clinical term for a white patch or plaque like lesion on the oral mucosa that cannot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease.
eight categories for a diagnosis
- clinical
- radiographic
- historical
- laboratory
- microscopic
- surgical
- therapeutic
- differential findings
what is differential diagnosis?
is where the practitioner decides which test or procedure is required to rule out the conditions originally suspected and to establish the definitive or final diagnosis.
Fordyce granules
clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands; most commonly observed on the lips/buccal mucosa; clinically appear as tiny yellow papules in clusters; asymptomatic and require no treatment.
torus palatinus
example of exostosis; is an exophytic growth of normal compact bone; benign; occur more in women, native Americans, Asians, Inuits; asymptomatic; diagnosed through clinical examination
mandibular tori
outgrowths of normal dense bone found on the lingual aspect; are bilateral in more than 90%; often lobulated; diagnosed through clinical examination.
retrocuspid papilla
is a sessile papule found on the gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids; observed more often in the young and resolves with age; clinically often resemble squamous papilloma;
lingual varicosities
prominent lingual veins; usually observed on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the tongue; clinically red-to-purple enlarged vessels/clusters are seen; more commonly observed in individuals over 60 years of age;
linea alba
a “white line” that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa along the occlusal plane. It may be bilateral and can be more prominent in patients who have a clenching or bruxing habit
white hairy tongue
is a condition in which the patient has an increased accumulation of keratin on the filiform papillae; may be the result of either an increase in keratin production or a decrease in normal desquamation;
black hairy tongue
, the papillae are a brown-to-black color because of chromogenic bacteria; Although the cause is unknown, hydrogen peroxide, bismuth subsalicylates for upset stomach, alcohol, or chemical rinses have been suggested to stimulate the elongation of the filiform papillae that results in the appearance.
