Introduction to PPC Flashcards
Processes by which verbal and nonverbal messages are used to create and share meaning.
Communication
Creating shared meaning is what kind of perspective?
Constitutive perspective (The perspective and meanings of each person may be very different, therefore it is important to create shared meaning)
Which perspective doesn’t work for creating shared meaning? What does it mean?
Information-exchange perspective: communication as a tool to transfer information
Example of creating shared meaning?
Pain scale from 0-10
Universal facial expressions break social, cultural barriers to create shared meaning
972 study found that out of 800 visits to a peds emergency clinic, 26% of the parents did not tell the doctor their _____.
Primary concern
In the 1972 study, why didn’t 26% of parents reveal their primary concern to their providers? Why is this happening still?
Doctors didn’t encourage them to disclose
Doctors felt patients were making them play a guessing game rather than being direct
This is still happening as of 2002, WHY??
Communication barriers!
Patients must be able to tell their __1__ to their providers and providers must have a goal of obtaining the most complete story possible, and to achieve this must understand the __2__ and the __3__, the __4__ and the __5__ aspects of each interaction.
1) story
2) language
3) emotions
4) verbal
5) non-verbal
Our own accounts of illness. Often involves the because factor.
Narratives
Patients reveal certain things because they are important to their illness experience.
Self-disclosure
Providers _____ in order to encourage patients to do so, but also to build rapport and establish _____.
Self-disclose; shared meaning
Feedback, paraphrasing
“So what you’re saying is…”
Active listening strategies
Elicit more information
Open-ended questions
Name the 18 outside influences that affect shared meaning/communication
- Race
- Gender
- Culture
- Environment
- Family
- Friends
- Beliefs about health
- Attitudes about health
- Past health
- Past healthcare
- Family history
- Media
- Education
- Insurance
- Religion
- Politics
- Self-efficacy
- Health literacy
Without shared meaning, it is difficult for both parties to? (3 things)
- Be satisfied with the interaction
- Have all of their questions answered
- Achieve the desired goals and have the best outcome
Describe the Biomedical Model of Medicine.
Is shared meaning a goal in this model?
- Scientific methods to deduce what is wrong and come to a diagnosis
- Relies on Facts
- Patient is a “case” to be fixed
Shared meaning is NOT a goal
Describe the Paternalistic Model of Medicine.
Is shared meaning a goal in this model?
- Doctor knows best, tells patient what to do
- Doctor may not present all alternatives
Shared meaning is NOT a goal in this model.
There is a power-imbalance between a physician and a patient. This power imbalance is partly result of _____. Example?
Cultural expectations
Example: Western cultures believe doctors are scientific experts
Medical schools have traditionally taught docs to _____ or the patient may ramble.
Keep it short and to the point
In a 2001 study only about 2% of doc talk was devoted to _____ and _____.
Partnership building and supportive communication.
Less than 7% of patient talk was devoted to _____ and _____ – patients rarely assert themselves, unless doc encourages them to.
Asking questions and being assertive
Process of steering talk away from certain subjects
Blocking
Process whereby an individual treats another individual as if they are inferior by withholding information, speaking down to them, ignoring their feelings, etc.
Patronizing behaviors
The prerogative granted to providers to withhold information from patients if they feel that disclosing the information would do more harm than good.
Therapeutic privilege
Describe Patient-Centered Care.
- Active involvement by patients and families/caregivers
- Shared and informed decision-making
