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Bryan's > Introduction to Political Science > Flashcards

Introduction to Political Science Flashcards

Highland Community College

1
Q

a system of government where national and state government’s share sovereignty

A

federal sysetm

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2
Q

confederation

A

system of government where state governments are sobering, and the national government can only do what the states permit

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3
Q

powers of federal goverment

A

subject to Article V of the constitution, deciding on how amendments will be handled

declaring war

maintaining and deploying military forces

making foreign policy, international treaties, and trade deals

printing of money

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4
Q

idea that the federal and state governments share power in many policy areas

A

cooperative federalism

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5
Q

dual federation

A

doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, that states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate

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6
Q

blanket primary

A

a primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties

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7
Q

24th President

A

Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)

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8
Q

25th President

A

William McKinley (1897-1901)

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9
Q

Qualifications to be a senator

A

30 years of age (when seated, not elected)

citizen of the United States for 9 years

must live in the state from which elected

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10
Q

The popularly elected president is

A

an american invention, an our nation is one of the few democracies that have elected presidents

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11
Q

people of all religions who attend worship services regularly are more likely to vote

A

Democrat

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12
Q

federalism

A

government authority shared by national and local governments

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13
Q

section of the constitution allowing congress to pass all laws ‘necessary and proper’ to its duties

A

necessary and proper clause

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14
Q

due process of law

A

denies the government the right, without due process to deprive people of life, liberty, and property

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15
Q

Which amendment prevented a poll tax from being charged in order to vote

A

24th amendment

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16
Q

Constitution requires that the president be at least how old

A

35 years old

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17
Q

Which amendment outlines when the terms of the president, vice president, senators, and representatives end and their successors begin

A

20th amendment

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18
Q

Which amendment repealed prohibition?

A

21st amendment

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19
Q

Which Article outlines the amendment process

A

5th

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20
Q

Which article in the constitution outlines the role of judiciary

A

3rd

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21
Q

Which amendment in the constitution protects your right to bare arms

A

2nd Amendment

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22
Q

Which amendment gave women the right to vote

A

19th amendment

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23
Q

a benefit that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion

A

progressive

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24
Q

district courts

A

the lowest federal courts; federal trials can be only held here

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25
Q

waiver

A

a decision by an administrative agency granting some other party permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it

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26
Q

Wall of seperation

A

court ruling that government cannot be involved with religon

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27
Q

When was the Department of Homeland Security established?

A

2002

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28
Q

In Federalist paper No. 78, Alexander Hamilton described the supreme court as

A

the least dangerous branch

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29
Q

pork barrel legislation

A

legislation that gives tangible benefits to constituents in several districts or states in the hope of winning thier votes in return

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30
Q

positional issues

A

issues in which rival candidates have opposing views and that also divide voters

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31
Q

power

A

the ability of one person t get another person to act in accordance with the first persons intention

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32
Q

Arizona v United States

A

2012

only the federal government may regulate immigration laws and enforcement

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33
Q

Separate but equal doctrine

A

the doctrine established in Plessy v Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities

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34
Q

Marginal districts

A

districts in which candidates elected to the House of Representatives win in close elections (typically, less than 55 percent of the vote)

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35
Q

simple resolution

A

An expression of opinion either in the House or Senate to settle procedural matters in either body

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36
Q

Conference committee

A

Joint committees appointed to resolve differences in the senate and house version of the same bill

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37
Q

Red tape

A

Complex bureaucratic rules and producers that must be followed to get something done

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38
Q

Oliver Ellsworth

A

2nd chief justice of the supreme court

appointed by Washington

served 1796-1800

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39
Q

2nd chief justice of the Supreme Court

A

Oliver Ellsworth

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40
Q

civil liberites

A

rights to be free of government interference accosted to an indvidual by the constitution

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41
Q

Sedition Act of 1798

A

declared to write, utter, or publish “any false, scandalous, and malicious writing’ with intent of defaming the president, congress, or the government, or of exciting against the government” “the hatred of the people” is a crime

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42
Q

Kelo v City of New London

A

2005

the constitution allows the local government to seize property, not only for ‘public use’ such as building highways, but also to ‘promote economic development in a ‘distressed community’

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43
Q

Alden v Maine

A

1999

Congress may not act to subject non-consenting states to lawsuits in state courts

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44
Q

Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad v Illinois

A

1886

The states may not regulate interstate commerce

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45
Q

Gibbons v Ogeden

A

1824

Constituions commerce clause gives the national government exclusive powers to regulate interstate commerce

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46
Q

Power of government

A

Ratifying amendments to the constitution through state legislature

conducting elections for public office

establishing local government

regulating interstate commerce

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47
Q

19th Amendment

A

The ___ amendment may clear that no state may deny the right to vote based on sex

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48
Q

national chair

A

day to day party manager declared by the national committee

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49
Q

conditions of aid

A

terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds

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50
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

1819

the constitutions ‘necessary and proper clause; clause permits congress to take action when it is essential to a power that congress has

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51
Q

Unitary system

A

system of government where sovereignty is fully vested in the national government, but not the states

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52
Q

selective incorporation process

A

the process whereby the Court has applied, most but not all, parts of the Bill of Rights to the states

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53
Q

authorization legislation

A

legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency

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54
Q

fedearl question cases

A

cases concerning the constitution, federal laws or treaties

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55
Q

white primary

A

practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirements and intimidation

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56
Q

21st President

A

Chester A Arthur
(1881-1885)

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57
Q

majority leader

A

legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the House or the senate

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58
Q

national committee

A

delegates who run party affairs between national conventions

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59
Q

a person treating the US flag contemptuously is

A

protected by the right to exercise free speech

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60
Q

Martin v Hunter’s Lessee

A

Supreme Court ruled that the Court can review the decisions of the highest state courts if they involve a federal law or the federal constitution

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61
Q

Department of Agriculture

A

created in 1862

purpose to help farmers

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62
Q

there are 94 ____ in the federal judiciary

A

district courts

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63
Q

Which amendment outlines the line of succession for the president of the United States

A

25th Amendment

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64
Q

Which amendment ratified prohibition and prohibited the sale of alcohol

A

18th amendment

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65
Q

presidents are now limited to two terms by the

A

22nd amendment

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66
Q

In order to win the presidency today, a candidate must win how many electoral votes

A

270

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67
Q

26th amendment

A

which amendment lowered the right to vote to 18

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68
Q

Which amendment placed a two term limit on the presidency

A

22nd amenedment

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69
Q

A bill is passed to the president of action while congress is still in session. After 10 days they still have not approved it. What happens to the bill?

A

It becomes law

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70
Q

When using the term ‘elite’, social scientists are referring to

A

people who have some valued resource - such as money, schooling, prestige, or political power

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71
Q

responsible for regulating radio and television broadcasting

A

Federal Communications Commission

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71
Q

In most stats, candidates for office are chosen by

A

Primary elections

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72
Q

political machines

A

a party organization that recruit’s members by dispensing patronage

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73
Q

Gibbons v Ogden

A

the states my not regulate interstate commerce

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73
Q

The first real test of candidate vying for the nomination comes in

A

Iowa

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74
Q

procedure that enables voters to reject a measure adapted by the legislature

A

referendum

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75
Q

belief that every American has the freedom to pursue a better life

A

American Dream

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76
Q

when were the articles of confederation adopted

A

1781

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77
Q

in a confederation, the national government derives its power from

A

the states

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78
Q

activities by which an issue is agitated or settled as __

A

politics

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79
Q

authority mean

A

right to use power

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80
Q

Outcome of Marshall’s ruling in McCulloch v Maryland (1819) was to

A

Confirm the supremacy of the federal government in the exercise of the constitutional powers granted to congress

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81
Q

process by which personal and other background traits influence one’s view about politics and governments

A

political socializatioon

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82
Q

In the Virginia Military Institute case, the Supreme Court required ___ for single sex marriage

A

Exceedingly persuasive justification

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83
Q

What is the strongest predicator of voting behavior in the US

A

Party identification

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84
Q

If properly conducted, a survey of public opinion can capture opinions of 300 million citizens by interview as few as ___ respondents

A

1,500

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85
Q

which president`\ faced the Bay of Pigs crisis

A

John Kennedy

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86
Q

lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts

A

bicameral legislature

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87
Q

If any given voter has an equal chance of being in a survey, the sample is best described as a ___ sample

A

random

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88
Q

party leaders are elected officials who became delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucus

A

super delegates

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89
Q

invisible primary

A

process by which candidates try to attract the support of key party leaders before an election begins

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90
Q

limit national parities can donate to candidate in federal elections

A

$5,000 per candidate per election

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91
Q

National convention

A

meeting of party delegates held every four, years which nominates the party’s candidate for president

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92
Q

qualifications to be president

A

be a natural born citizen

35 years old

resident of the United States for at least 14 years

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93
Q

congressional campaign committee

A

party committee in congress that provides funds to members and would be members

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94
Q

national chairs

A

day to day party manager elected by the national committee

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95
Q

17th president

A

Andrew Johnson
(1865- 1869)

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96
Q

32nd President

A

Franklin D Roosevelt
(1933-1945)

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97
Q

intermediate scrutiny

A

since 1970s, Supreme Court has tended to apply this judicial standard to cases of gender discrimination

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98
Q

People who have some valued resource, such as money, schooling, prestige, or political party

A

when using the term ‘elite’, social scientists are referring to

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99
Q

political socialization

A

the process by which personal and other background traits influence one’s views about politics and government

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100
Q

partisan identification

A

voters long tern, stable attachment to one of the political parties

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101
Q

The Liberal Daily Kos and the Conservative Power Line are examples of

A

blogs

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102
Q

only ___ of adults under 30 read a newspaper

A

13 percent

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103
Q

exit polls are conducted

A

on election day at polling places

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104
Q

the first major studies of public opinion and voting, published in the 1940s, found that

A

a small group of Americans were informed, but most americans were not

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105
Q

Term yellow journalism was coined to describe media sensationalism in what area

A

turn of the century

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106
Q

gerrymandering

A

drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party

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107
Q

when it comes to the freedom of the press, the first amendment has been interpreted as meaning that no government, federal or state, can

A

place ‘prior restraints’ on the press except under very narrowly defined circumstances

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108
Q

much of what is on the internet comes from newspapers

A

true

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109
Q

Since the 1980’s, broadcasting license are automatically renewed unless

A

some community group formally objects

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110
Q

originally presidential candidates were chosen by

A

congressional caucus

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111
Q

elements of american political system

A

liberty
equality
democracy
civic duty
individual responsibility

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112
Q

civil society

A

voluntary action that makes cooperation easier

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113
Q

belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion

A

progressive

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114
Q

18th president

A

Ulysses S Grant
(1869-1877)

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115
Q

the distrust of political authority so evident in American political culture has its basis in

A

religious beliefs

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116
Q

During the 1730’s to 1740’s, the political idea of the American Colonies were transformed by

A

a religious revivalist, movement, called the first great awakening

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117
Q

basic elements of the US political culture

A

liberty
democracy
indiviualism
civic duty

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118
Q

the notion that individual should work hard, save their money and avoid dependence on the state is sometimes referred to as

A

protestant (work) ethic

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119
Q

for the founders, federalism was a device to

A

protect personal liberty

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120
Q

under the articles of the confederation, amendmets had to

A

be supported by all 13 states

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121
Q

In United States v. Morrison, the supreme court ruled that violence against women

A

did not substantially affect interstate commerce

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122
Q

How did Aristotle define democracy

A

Rule of Many

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123
Q

requirement that citizens show that they can read before registering to vote

A

literacy test

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124
Q

due process of law

A

denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property

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125
Q

The presidents use of prestige and visibility to guide or mobilize the American public

A

bully pulpit

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126
Q

How many vetos did Washington cast?

A

Two

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127
Q

elite

A

person who posses a discorporate share of some valued resource, such as money, prestige, or expertise

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128
Q

concurring opinion

A

signed opinion in which one or more members agree with the majority view but for different reasons

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129
Q

activist approach

A

the view that judges should discern the general principles underlying laws or the constitution and apply them to modern circumstances

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130
Q

George Washingtons Secretary of State

A

Thomas Jefferson

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131
Q

laissez faire

A

economic theory that government should not regulate or interfere with commerce

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132
Q

australian ballot

A

government printed ballot of uniform dimensions to be cast in secret that many states adopted around 1890 to reduce voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public

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133
Q

judge’s order authorizing a search

A

search warrant

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134
Q

requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

A

poll tax

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135
Q

survey of public opinion

A

poll

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136
Q

activity by which an issue is agitated or settled

A

politics

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137
Q

censorship of a publication

A

prior restraint

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138
Q

public opinion

A

how people think or feel about particular things

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139
Q

something of value that all individuals share, whether or not they contribute to it

A

public good

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140
Q

legitimacy

A

political authority conferred by law or by a state or national constituion

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141
Q

concurrent resolution

A

an expression of opinion without the force of law that requires the approval of both the House and Senate, but not the president

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142
Q

15th amendment

A

adopted in 1870

stated that ‘the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude’

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143
Q

literacy test

A

requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

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144
Q

in the Federalist paper NO. 79, Alexander Hamilton described the Supreme Court as

A

the lest dangerous branch

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145
Q

there are ____ members of the Senate and ____ members of the House

A

100, 435

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146
Q

compared to the print media, the electronic media are

A

more competitive and more strictly regulated

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147
Q

miranda rights

A

a person must be informed of what rights when being arrested

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148
Q

voting eligible population

A

VEP

citizens who have reached the minimum age to be eligible to vote excluding those who are not legally permitted to vote

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149
Q

suspect classification

A

classification of people based on their race or ethnicity

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150
Q

in ____, the Supreme Court held that congress could not require local police officers to conduct background checks on all gun purchases because doing so would violate the 10th aemendment

A

Printz v United States

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151
Q

29th president

A

Warren G Harding
(1921-1923)

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152
Q

33rd President

A

Harry S Truman
(1945-1953)

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153
Q

35th President

A

John F Kennedy (1961-1963)

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154
Q

What states conduct their elections completely by mail

A

Washington
Oregon
Colorado

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155
Q

remedy

A

a judicial order enforcing a right or redressing a wrong

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156
Q

pork barrel legislation

A

legislation that gives tangible benefits to constituents in several districts or states in the hope of winning their votes in return

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157
Q

roll call vote

A

congressional voting procedure that consists of members answering ‘yea’ or ‘nay’ to their names

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158
Q

cloture rule

A

rule used by the senate to end or limit debate

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159
Q

riders

A

amendments on matter unrelated to a bill so that they will ‘ride’ to passage through the Congress. When a bill has many riders it is called a Christmas Tree Bill

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160
Q

discretionary authority

A

the extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies not spelled out in advance by laws

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161
Q

exclusionary rule

A

improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial

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162
Q

open rule

A

an order from the House Rules Committee that permits a bill to be amended on the floorqu

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163
Q

quorum

A

the minimum number of members who must be present for business to be conducted in Congress

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164
Q

Bill of Rights has come to apply to the states through the interoperation of

A

14th Amendment

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165
Q

Conflicts in civil liberties often arise because

A

the Bill of Rights lists several competing rigths

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166
Q

slander differs from libel in that libel is that it refers to

A

oral statements

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167
Q

political ideology

A

more or less consistent set of beliefs about what policies government ought to pursue

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168
Q

legislative courts

A

courts created by congress for specialized purposes, who judges do not enjoy the protections of Article III of the Constitution

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169
Q

written defamation of character is known as

A

libel

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170
Q

devolution

A

transfer of power from the national government to state and local government

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171
Q

cabinet

A

heads of the 15 executive branch departments of the federal government

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172
Q

Group that raises and spends unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, and individual’s but cannot coordinate its actives with campaigns in any way

A

Super PAC

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173
Q

party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses

A

super delegate

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174
Q

the person already holding an elective office

A

incumbent

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175
Q

prospective voting

A

when a voter votes for the candidate whom he or she considered more likely to do a better job in office

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176
Q

primary election

A

an election held to choose candidates for office

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177
Q

38th President

A

Gerald R Ford
(1974-1977)

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178
Q

Committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from the voluntary donations

A

political action committee

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179
Q

substantive representation

A

ability of citizens to elect officials who will enact into law politics that the citizens favor

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180
Q

invisible primary

A

process by which candidates try to attract the support of key party leaders before an election begins

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181
Q

in forma pauperis

A

method whereby a poor person can have his or her case heard in federal court without charge

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182
Q

discharge petition

A

device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had the bill for 30 days, may petition to have it brought to the floor

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183
Q

political party

A

group that seeks to elect candidates to public office

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184
Q

concurrent resolution

A

an expression of opinion without the force of law that requires the approval of both the House and the Senate, but not the president

185
Q

iron triangle

A

close relationship between between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group

186
Q

discharge petition

A

device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had the bill for 30 days, may petition to have it brought to the floor

187
Q

safe district

A

districts in which incumbents win by a comfortable margin

188
Q

Political Action Committees

A

committees set up by a corporation, labor union, or interset group that rasie and spend campaign money from voluntary donations

189
Q

independent expenditures

A

spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions to help a party or candidate but done independent from the party or candidate

190
Q

judicial restraint approach

A

view that judges should decide cases strictly on the basis of the language of the laws and the constitution

191
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

1819

ruled that creating a federal bank, though not mentioned in the Consittuion, was a ‘necessary and proper’ exercise of the governments right to borrow money

192
Q

parisanship

A

individual identification with a party; whether they consider themsleves a Democrat, Republican or Indent pent

193
Q

Which amendment protects you against unlawful searches and seizures

A

4th Amendment

194
Q

standing committees

A

presently established legislative committees that consider and are responsible for legislation within a certain subject area

195
Q

open primary

A

primary election where all voters (regardless of party membership) may vote for the party’s nominee

196
Q

legislative courts

A

courts created by congress for specialized purposes, whose judges do not enjoy the protections of Article III of the Constitution

197
Q

courts of appeals

A

federal courts that hear appeals from district courts; no trials

198
Q

coattails

A

the alleged tendency of candidates to win more voters in an election because of the province at the top of the ticket of a better known candidate, such as the president

199
Q
A
200
Q

There have only been ___ chief justices of the United States Supreme Court

A

17

201
Q

brief

A

written statement by an attorney that summarizes a case and the laws and rulings that support it

202
Q

Diversity cases

A

cases involving citizens of different states who can bring suit in federal court

203
Q

Impressionable years hypothesis

A

argument that political experiences during the teens and early 20s powerfully shape attributes for the rest of the life cycle

204
Q

a legal rule stating who is authorized to start a lawsuit

A

standing

205
Q

an act that conveys a political message

A

symbolic speech

206
Q

since 1992, a member of clergy offering a prayer or an invocation at a public school graduation ceremony is

A

Lee v Weisman

207
Q

Joint committees

A

committees on which both senators and representatives serve

208
Q

caucus

A

association of congressional members created to advance a political ideology or a regional, ethnic, or economic interest

209
Q

vote where most democrats are on one side of the bill, and most republicans are on the other

A

party vote

210
Q

speaker

A

presiding officer of the House of Representatives and the leader of his or her party in the House

211
Q

committee clearance

A

ability of a congressional committee to review and approve certain agency decisions in advance and without passing a law

212
Q

44th president

A

Barack Obama
(2009-2017)

213
Q

closed primary

A

primary election where only registered party members may vote for the partys nominee

214
Q

bureaucratic view

A

view that the government is dominated by appointed officials

215
Q

How did Aristotle define democracy?

A

Rule of Many

216
Q

1963, publican of ___ by Betty Friedan strengthened by the feminist movement

A

The Feminist Mystique

217
Q

Rosa Park had a tremendous impact on the civil rights movement when she refused to …

A

surrender her seat on a bus

218
Q

Brown v Board of Education

A

Ruled that racially separate schools where inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional

219
Q

Plessy v Ferguson

A

Supreme Court ruled that ‘separate by equal’ facilities were constitutional

220
Q

The ____ amendment to the US constitution appeared to guarantee equal rights for blacks

A

14th

221
Q

Founders did not include in the US Constitution an explicit statement of state powers but added it later in

A

10th Amendement

222
Q

Doctrine of Nullification refers to

A

the claim authority of the United States to declare federal law void for violating the US constitution

223
Q

Necessary and Proper clause

A

section of the constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws ‘necessary and proper’ to its duties, and that has permitted Congress to exercise powers not especially given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution

224
Q

Writings of Thomas Jefferson

A

the historical reference to a “wall of seperation” between religion and the state can be found in

225
Q

pluralist view

A

view that competition among all affected interests shapes public policy

226
Q

freedom of expression

A

right of people to speak, publish, and assemble

227
Q

19th President

A

Rutherford B Hayes
(1877-1881)

228
Q

20th President

A

James A Garfield
(1881)

229
Q

22nd President

A

Grover Cleveland
(1885-1889)

230
Q

23rd President

A

Benjamin Harrison
(1889-1893)

231
Q

Federal System

A

system of government where the national and state governments share soverignty

232
Q

momentum

A

when a candidate wins (especially an upset win), they tend to better than expected in future contestes

233
Q

gerrymandering

A

drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes having one party

234
Q

incumbency advantage

A

tendency of incumbent’s to do better than otherwise similar challengers, especially in congressional elections

235
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

proposal to create a weak national government

236
Q

what percentage of incumbent congress members get reelected

A

90%

237
Q

Hatch Act

A

1939

Made it illegal for federal civil service employees to take an active part in political management or political campaigns

238
Q

framing

A

the way in which the new media, by focusing on some aspects of an issue, shapes how people view that issue

239
Q

state judiciaries

A

laws that addressed public order and the safety and morals of citizens have traditionally been considered the focus of

240
Q

When framers drafted the constitution, the antifederalist opposed it primarily on the grounds that the new government

A

gave too much power to the national government

241
Q

Plurality system

A

electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the most votes

242
Q

free shifting

A

rule that allows a plaintiff to recover costs from the defendant in the plaintiff wins

243
Q

incumbant

A

the person already holding an elective office

244
Q

presidents who have been assassinated

A

4

Lincoln
Kennedy
McKinley
Garfeild

245
Q

Since 1962, over ___ of House incumbents who sought reelection have won it

A

90%

246
Q

Most americans rely on ___ as their source of news

A

TV

247
Q

america has a long tradition of media that are

A

privately owned

248
Q

test suggest that the term campaign has become a synonym for

A

fundraising

249
Q

the difference between the results or surveys or samples

A

sampling error

250
Q

15th President

A

James Buchanan
(1857-1861)

251
Q

vote in which a majority of Democratic legislatures oppose a majority of Republican legislatures

A

partisan polarization

252
Q

first chief justice of the US appointed by Washington, served 1789-1795

A

John Jay

253
Q

view that judges should discern the general principles underlying laws or the constitution and applying them to the modern circumstances

A

activist approach

254
Q

the power of courts to declare laws unconstituional

A

judicial review

255
Q

latinos

A

today the nations largest minority group with more than 50 million people

256
Q

based on research presidential debates seem to

A

have little effect on election results

257
Q

a brief, unsigned court opinion

A

per curiam opinion

258
Q

11th President

A

James K Polk
(1845-1849)

259
Q

12th President

A

Zachary Taylor
(1849-1850)

260
Q

16th President

A

Abraham Lincoln
(1861-1865)

261
Q

bicameralism

A

term used to describe a two house legislative body

262
Q

the article of the US constitution details the structure and power of congress

A

Article 1

263
Q

how many members are there in the US House of Representatives

A

435

264
Q

which article of the US constitution outlines the legislative branch

A

article 1

265
Q

10th President

A

John Taylor
(1841-1845)

266
Q

8th President

A

Martin Van Buren
(1837-1841)

267
Q

7th President

A

Andrew Jackson
(1829-1937)

268
Q

federal courts that hear appeals from district courts; no trials

A

courts of appeals

269
Q

9th District US District Court

A

Washington
Oregon
Idaho
Montana
California
Nevada
Arizona
Alaska
Hawaii
Guam
North Mariana Islands

270
Q

8th District US District Court

A

North Dakota
South Dakota
Iowa
Missouri
Arkansas

271
Q

6th District US District Court

A

Michigan
Ohio
Kentucky
Tennessee

272
Q

5th District US District Court

A

Mississippi
Louisiana
Texas

273
Q

4th District US District Court

A

West Virgina
Virginia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina

274
Q

3rd District US District Court

A

Pennsylvania
Delaware
New Jersey
Virgin Islands

275
Q

2nd District US District Courts

A

Vermont
Connecticut
New York

276
Q

1st District US District Courts

A

Maine
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Puerto Rico

277
Q

lowest federal courts; federal trials can be held only here

A

district courts

278
Q

constitutional court

A

federal court, authorized by Article III of the Constitution, that keeps judges in office during good behavior and prevents salaries from being reduced

279
Q

Ex Parte McCardle

A

1869

allowed congress to change the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

280
Q

Martin v Hunter Lessee

A

1816

Supreme Court can review the decisions of the highest state courts if they involve a federal law or the federal constitution

281
Q

Marbury v Maddison

A

1803

upheld judicial review of congressional acts

282
Q

Anton Scalia

A

nominated for Supreme Court justice by Ronald Regan

senate approval vote 98-0

283
Q

open primary

A

primary election where all voters (regardless of party membership) may vote for the party’s nominee

284
Q

closed primary

A

primary election where only registered members may vote for the parties nominee

285
Q

circular structure

A

several of the presidents assistants report directly to him

286
Q

primary elections

A

an election held to determine the nominee from a particular party

287
Q

laboratories of democracy

A

idea that different states can implement different policies and the successful ones will spread

288
Q

filibuster

A

an attempt to defeat a bill in the Senate by talking indefinitely, thus preventing the Senate from taking action on the bill

289
Q

the states

A

in a confederation, the national government derives its power from

290
Q

for the founders federalism was a device to

A

protect personal liberity

291
Q

federalism

A

political system in which the national government shares power with local government

292
Q

primary elections

A

an election held to determine the nominee from a particular party

293
Q

realignment periods

A

period when a major, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties

294
Q

mugwumps

A

republican party faction of the 1890’s to the 1910’s, comprising reformers who opposed patronage

295
Q

jacksonians

A

considered second party system

when Andrew Jackson first run for president and lasted until beginning of civil war

296
Q

politcal party

A

group that seeks to elect canidates to public office

297
Q

coalition

A

alliance of groups

298
Q

bill of rights

A

first 10 amendments of the constitution

299
Q

Ex post facto law

A

law that makes an act criminal even though the act was legal with it was committed

300
Q

law that declares a person, without a trial, to be guilty of a crime

A

bill of attainder

301
Q

an order to produce an arrested person before a judge

A

habeas corpus

302
Q

antifederalists

A

those who favor weaker national government

303
Q

those who favor a stronger national government

A

federalists

304
Q

group with distinct political instrest

A

faction

305
Q

inability of the government to act because rival parties control different parts of government

A

gridlock

306
Q

powers the president shares with the senate

A

make treaties

appoint ambassadors, judges and high officals

307
Q

constitutional ability of multiple branches of government to limit each others powers

A

checks and balances

308
Q

separation of powers

A

sharing of constitutional authority by multiple branches of government

309
Q

americans believe that they should be free to do pretty much as they please as long as they don’t hurt others

A

liberty

310
Q

everybody should have an equal vote and an equal chance to participate and succeed

A

equality

311
Q

franking privildge

A

ability of members to mail letters to their constituents free of charge by substituting their facsimile signature for postage

312
Q

political culrue

A

patterned and sustained way of thinking how political and economic life ought to be carried off

313
Q

wactchdog

A

press’s role as an overseer of government officials to ensure they act in the pubic intent

314
Q

ad hoc structures

A

several subordinates, cabinet officers, and committees report directly to the presdinet on different matters

315
Q

dissenting opinion

A

a singed opinion in which one or more justices disagree with the majority view

316
Q

reserved powers

A

powers given to state governments alone

317
Q

restrictive rule

A

order from the House Rules Committee that permits certain kinds of amendments but not others to be made to a bill on the floor

318
Q

veto

A

literally, ‘I forbid’, it refers to the power of a president to disapprove a bill, and maybe overridden by a two thirds vote of each house of congress

319
Q

FEMA

A

Federal Emergency Management Agency

320
Q

filibuster

A

attempt to defeat a bill in the senate by talking indefinitely. thus preventing the senate from taking action on the bill

321
Q

Author of the Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

322
Q

politics

A

activity by which an issue is agiated or settled

323
Q

the list of essential rights demanded by the colonists included life, liberty, and …

A

the pursuit of truth

324
Q

reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion

A

probable cause

325
Q

article of the US constitution details the structure and power of congress

A

Article I

326
Q

civil rights

A

rights of people to be treated without reasonable or unconstitutional differences

327
Q

minority leader

A

legislative leader elected by party members holding a minority of seats in the House or the Seante

328
Q

judical review

A

Supreme Courts primary weapon in the governments system of checks and balances is known as

329
Q

executive order

A

presidential directive that calls for action within the executive branch

330
Q

executive order

A

presidential directive that calls for action within the executive branch

331
Q

voting for a candidate because they favor their ideas for handling issues

A

prosecpective voting

332
Q

Public Safety Exception

A

police can question a non-Mirandized suspect if there is an urgent concern for public safety

333
Q

USDA

A

United States Department of Agriculture

established 1862

Made into cabinet position in 1889

334
Q

EPA

A

Environmental Protection Agency

Established 1970

335
Q

USDOJ

A

United Staes Department of Justice

Estblisehd in 1789

336
Q

bureacuracy

A

large, comple organization composed of appointed officals

337
Q

log rolling

A

legislator supports a proposal favored by another in return for support of his or hers

338
Q

people who tend to participate in all forms of politics

A

activists

339
Q

laws requiring citizens to show a governmental issued phot ID in order to vote

A

voter identification laws

340
Q

doctrine established in Plessy v Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities

A

separate but equal doctrine

341
Q

Process by the court has applied most, but not all parts of the Bill of Rights to the states

A

selective incorporation process

342
Q

consuming only those news stories which one already agrees

A

selective exposure

343
Q

congressional committees appointed for a limited time and purpose

A

selecte committees

344
Q

difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time

A

sampling error

345
Q

Department of Veterans Affaris

A

established in 1989

346
Q

Government by Proxy

A

Washington pays state and local governments and private groups to staff and administer federal programs

347
Q

federalsim

A

government authority shared by national and local governments

348
Q

first secretary of state

A

Thomas Jefferson

349
Q

power elite view

A

view that the government is dominated by a few top leaders, most of whom are outside the government

350
Q

primary election

A

election held to determine the nominee from a particular party

351
Q

priming

A

ability of the news media to influence the factors individuals use to evaluate political elites

352
Q

order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review

A

writ of certiorari

353
Q

impeachment

A

charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives

354
Q

pyramid structure

A

president’s subordiatntes report to him through a clear chain of command headed by a chief of staff

355
Q

True or False:

The District of Columbia relieved three electoral votes even though it has no representation in congress

A

True

356
Q

random sampling

A

method of selecting from a population in which each person has an equal probability of being selected

357
Q

quorum

A

minimum number of members who must be present for business to be conducted in Congress

358
Q

question wording

A

way in which survey questions are phrased, which influences how respondents answer them

359
Q

many different ways that people take part in politics and government

A

politcal participation

360
Q

procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature

A

referendum

361
Q

complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done

A

red tape

362
Q

recall

A

procure whereby voters can remove an elected official form office

363
Q

ratings

A

assessments of a representatives voting record on issues importnat to an interest group

364
Q

district courts

A

there are 91 in the federal judiciary

365
Q

what does the US constitution have to say about the size of the supreme court

A

it does not indicate how large the court should be

366
Q

first plan suggested at the constitutional convention called for the president to be chosen by

A

Congress

367
Q

In order to win the presidency today, a candidate must win ____ electoral votes

A

270

368
Q

the purpose of a filibuster is

A

delay action inn a legislative body

369
Q

there have only been ____ Chief Justices of the United States Supreme Court

A

17

370
Q

who was the President who advanced the GUlf of Tonkin Resolutions

A

Lyndon Johnson

371
Q

National Convention

A

meeting of party delegates held every four years, which nominates the party’s candidates for president

372
Q

The House of Representatives has selected the president

A

in 1800 and 1824

373
Q

amicus curiae

A

brief submitted by a “friend of the court”

374
Q

Doctrine established in Plessy v Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilites

A

separate but equal doctrine

375
Q

roll-call vote

A

congressional voting proceudre that consists of members answering ‘yea’ or ‘nay’ to their names

376
Q

Most of the money that individual candidates spend during the course of a campaign is directed toward

A

media related activiteis

377
Q

the extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies not spelled out in advance laws

A

discretionary authority

378
Q

open meeting laws

A

1976

every part of every agency meeting must be open to the public unless certain matters are being discussed

379
Q

privacy act

A

1974

government files about individuals, such as Social Security and tax records, must be kept confidential

380
Q

National Environmental Policy Act

A

1969

before undertaking any major action affecting the environment, an agency must issue an environmental impact statement

381
Q

Freedom of Information Act

A

1966

Citizens have the right to inspect all government records except those containing military, intelligence, or trade secrets or those reveling personal actions

382
Q

Administrative Procedure Act

A

1946

Before adopting a new rule or policy, an agency must give notice, solicit comments, and (often) hold hearing

383
Q

FTC

A

Federal Trade Commission

384
Q

Competitive Service

A

the government offices to which people are appointed on the basis of merit, as ascertained by a written exam or applying certain selection criteria

385
Q

job filled by a person whom an agency has already identified

A

Name request Job

386
Q

Civil Service Reform Act

A

1978

Congress recognizes that many high level positions in the civil service have important policy making responsibilities

387
Q

Whistle Blower Protection Act

A

1989

created by the Office of Special Council, involves the investigating of complaints from bureaucrats that they were punished after reporting to Congress about waste, fraud, or abuse in their agency

388
Q

exit polls

A

polls based on interviews conducted on election day with randomly selected voters

389
Q

Wall of Seperation

A

court ruling that goverment cannot be involved with religion

389
Q

waiver

A

decision by an administrative agency granting some other party permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it

390
Q

policy entreprenuers

A

activists in or out of government who pull together a political majority on behalf of unorganized interets

390
Q

power

A

ability of one person to get another person to act in accordance with the first persons intentions

391
Q

the right to use power

A

authority

392
Q

political authority conferred by law or by a state or national constitution

A

legitimacy

393
Q

demoncracy

A

in our society, government officials should be accountable to the people to the people. this principal is known as:

394
Q

representative democracy

A

government in which leaders make decisions by winning a competitive struggle or popular vote

395
Q

an obvious and important difference between a president and a prime minister is that the later always have

A

majority support in parliament

396
Q

you must declare in advance that you are a registered member of a political party in a(n) ___ primary

A

closed

397
Q

in a(n) ____ primary, you can vote for candidates of either party

A

blanket

398
Q

in a(n) ___ primary, you decide when you enter the voting booth which party’s primary you wish to participate in

A

open

399
Q

many scholars argue that the foremost factor in determining how people vote is

A

party identification

400
Q

the text argues that the US Constitutional system was designed to make the adoption of radicalcal departures in policy

A

difficult

401
Q

the campaign finance law created in the 1970s was the direct by product of

A

Watergate

402
Q

the founders - George Washington in particular - thought of political parties as

A

“factions” motivated by ambition and self interest

403
Q

in his farewell address, George Washington took this position on political parties

A

he condemned political parties

404
Q

National party conventions were developed as a reform of

A

party caucuses

405
Q

most unpopular branch of government

A

congress

406
Q

scholars have identified ___ crucial, or realigning, periods in American politics

A

5

407
Q

14th president

A

Franklin Pierce
(1853-1857)

408
Q

term superdelegate refers to

A

elected officials and party leaders who are not required to pledge themselves in advance to a presidential candidate

409
Q

The classical machine - type party was developed and perfected

A

in the nineteenth century, before the large scale Irish and Italian immigrations

410
Q

which amendment abolished slavery

A

13th

411
Q

short television ads are called

A

spots

412
Q

Which amendment helps define federalism by stating that powers that aren’t given to the federal government are given to states or to the people

A

10th

413
Q

you must declare in advance that you are a registered member of a political party in a ____ primary

A

closed

414
Q

you can vote for candidates of either party

A

blanket

415
Q

opinion of the court

A

a signed opinion of a majority of the Supreme Court

416
Q

a coherent consistent set of beliefs about what policies government ought to purse is

A

political ideology

417
Q

House of Representatives term length

A

2 years

418
Q

McConnell v Federal Election Commission

A

2002

upheld 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (popularly known as McCain-Fenigold laws)

prohibiting corporations and labor unions from running ads that mention candidates and their postions for 60 days before a federal election

419
Q

single largest campaign expenditure for candidates

A

televeision advertisements

420
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Supreme Court decided for the first tine, in a decision authored by Chief Justice John Marshall, held that the Court could declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

421
Q

there are thirteen _____ in the federal judiciary

A

Courts of Appeal

422
Q

the Watergate Scandal during the Nixion adminsitration was first exposed by

A

The Washington Post

423
Q

14th Amendment

A

adopted in 1868, primarily to protect African American claims to citizenship form hostile state action

424
Q

medium that first allowed public officials to reach the public in a relatively unfiltered manner was

A

radio

425
Q

a public opinion pollster might need to make as many as _____ phone calls just to get about one thousand respondents for a survey

A

15,000

426
Q

voters tend to prefer a presidential candidate that has served in this type of elected office

A

governor

427
Q

a network of people in Washington DC - based interest groups - who regularly discusses and advocate public policy

A

issue network

428
Q

legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency

A

appropraition

429
Q

funds for government programs collected and spent outside the regular government budget

A

trust funds

430
Q

judicial restraint approach

A

the view that judges should decide cases strictly on the basis of the language of the laws and constution

431
Q

iron triangle

A

a close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interset group

432
Q

which president considered himself ‘an outsider’ and boasted of it

A

Jimmy Carter

433
Q

the ability of a congressional committee to review an approve certain agency decisions in advance and without passing a law

A

committee clearance

434
Q

legislative veto

A

the authority of congress to block a presidential action after it has taken place. the Supreme Court has held that Congress does not have this power

435
Q

majoritarian policies

A

a policy in which almost everybody benefits and almost everybody pays

436
Q

Department of Homeland Security

A

created in 2002

creation was a reaction to 9/11

437
Q

Interstate Commerce Commission

A

created in 1887

started federal legislation of the economy in a meaningful way

438
Q

Department of Labour

A

founded in 1882

439
Q

Laisse-Faire

A

an economic theory that government should not regulate or interfere with commerce

440
Q

Sonia Sotomayor

A

Nominated for Supreme Court by Barack Obama

approved in 2009

441
Q

an electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections

A

two party system

442
Q

Department of Commerce

A

organized in 1903

purpose to help out business people

443
Q

9th presidnet

A

William H Harrison
(1841)

444
Q

an other name for partisan identity

A

partisanship

445
Q

Millard Fillmore
(1850 - 1853)

A

13th presidnet

446
Q

John Quincy Adams
(1825-1829)

A

6th president

447
Q

James Monroe
(1817-1825)

A

5th president

448
Q

James Maddison
(1809-1817)

A

4th president

449
Q

2nd president

A

John Adams
(1797-1801)

450
Q

George Washington
(1789-1797)

A

1st Presidnet

451
Q

Thomas Jefferson
(1801-1809)

A

3rd Presidnet

452
Q

a legal rule stating who is authorized to start a lawsuit

A

standing

453
Q

signed opinion in which one or more justices dispute with the majority view

A

dissenting opinions

454
Q

social welfare group that can devote no more than 50% of its funds to politics

A

501(c)4 groups

455
Q

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

A

2010

overturned part of a 2002 law that had prohibited corporate and union funding of campaign ads

456
Q

Federal Election Commission v Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc

A

2007

held that issue ads ay not be prohibited before a primary or general election

457
Q

Federal Emergency Management Agency

A

FEMA

458
Q

Buckley v Valeo

A

1976

held that a law limiting contributions to political campaigns has constitutional but that are restricting candidates expenditures of their own money was not

459
Q

Issues in which rival candidates have opposing views that also divide voters

A

positional issues

460
Q
A

Bryan's (4 decks)

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