Introduction to Physiology

Question 1

Is the study of integrated functions of the body, and functions of all its parts (systems, organs, tissues, cells, and cell components)
Including the biophysical and biochemical processes involved.

Answer 1

Physiology

Question 2

concerned with the characteristics of the animal body that allows them to sense and adjust with their environment, to move about, reproduce and perform all of the functions that enable them to survive and thrive as a living organism.

Answer 2

Animal Physiology

Question 3

study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationship to one another.

Answer 3

Anatomy

Question 4

deals specifically with the study of normal functions of domestic animals. Animal physiology is a broader discipline dealing with the study of the functions of all or some of the representative groups within the animal kingdom.

Answer 4

Veterinary Physiology

Question 5

any deviation from what is considered normal structure and function constitutes an abnormality. The study of abnormalities in structures and functions caused by various factors is dealt with in the field of pathology, which is the study of patterns, causes, mechanisms and effects of illness (disease).

Answer 5

Pathophysiology

Question 6

One of the most obvious properties of living organisms. This is the ability to be affected by a change in the environment. Any change in the environment which results in responses in living matter is called stimulus. This means that a living matter is sensitive to its environment. The property of excitability is highly developed in nerve cells.

Answer 6

Excitability

Question 7

refers to the ability of specialized cells to transmit waves of excitation and impulses from one cell to another. This property is most highly developed in nerve and muscle cells. Movement includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system with the aid of the skeletal system, which provides the bone that the muscles pull on as they work.

Answer 7

Conductivity and Movement

Question 8

Refers to the ability of specialized cells to undergo shortening and thereby producing movement. Highly developed in muscle cells.

Answer 8

Contractility

Question 9

The process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed in the blood for delivery to all body cells.

Answer 9

Digestion

Question 10

The ability of specialized cell to take substances in the protoplasm

Answer 10

Absorption

Question 11

refers to the processes within cells by which absorbed materials are used to build protoplasm.

Answer 11

Assimilation

Question 12

chemical reactions that occur within the body cells

Answer 12

Metabolism

Question 13

ability of the cell to eliminate or remove waste (excreta) from the body. If the body continues to operate, it must get rid of the non-useful substances (organic waste) produced during digestion and metabolism.

Answer 13

Excretion

Question 14

Cells produce substances which are useful to the body, such as digestive enzymes and hormones.

Answer 14

Secretion

Question 15

Refers to the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide. An essential phase of metabolism, or burning of food materials with the production of energy.

Answer 15

Respiration

Question 16

The increase in size, usually accompanied in the increase in the number of cells. Includes the process of repair of damaged tissue.

Answer 16

Growth

Question 17

Production of new individuals of the next generation. Keep life going from one generation to the next.

Answer 17

Reproduction

Question 18

These are substances obtained from food via our diet. It contains chemicals used for energy and cell building.

Answer 18

Nutrient

Question 19

Major energy providing fuel for body cells.

Answer 19

Carbohydrates

Question 20

Lesser extent fats are essential for building cell structures.

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

provides reserve fuel

Answer 21

Fats

Question 22

Required for the chemical reaction that goes on in cells and for oxygen transport in the blood.

Answer 22

Minerals and Vitamins

Question 23

Approximately 20% of the air breath. It is made available to the blood and body cells by the cooperative efforts of the respiratory and the cardiovascular system

Answer 23

Oxygen

Question 24

single most abundant chemical substance in the body that provides the aqueous medium for chemical reactions to take place. It also provides the fluid base for body secretion and excretion. Accounts 60% to 80% of body weight. It is obtained chiefly from ingesting food or liquids and lost from the body by evaporation from the lungs and skin and in body excretion.

Answer 24

Water

Question 25

At either extreme, is too high, chemical reaction proceeds very rapidly, and body proteins begin to break down. At either extreme, death may occur.

Answer 25

Body Temperature

Question 26

body temperature must be maintained at around

Answer 26

37°C (98°F)

Question 27

Used by physiologist to mean “maintenance of static or constant conditions in the internal environment”. It describes the body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable internal condition even though the outside world is continuously changing.

Answer 27

Homeostasis