Introduction to Physiology Flashcards
What are cell membranes made of?
composed mainly of lipids and proteins, specifically a lipid bilayer (mostly phospholipid) and associated proteins.
What gives each type of membrane in the cell its functional properties?
Cell membrane
How permeable are cell membranes?
Selectively permeable
Which molecules can / can’t pass through cell membrane easily?
Hydrophobic and small uncharged molecules can easily pass through.
Large uncharged molecules can slightly go through.
Charged molecules and ions are not permeable
How do charged or larger molecules pass through cell membrane?
proteins embedded in the membrane can act to transport substances into and out of the cell.
Name types of protein that can allow large / charged molecules to pass through
Carrier protein, channel protein
How does channel protein work?
Forms a water-filled pore across the bilayer through which specific solutes can diffuse
What is pigment causing colour in beetroot?
betacyanin (or betanin)
What wavelength do you set spectrophotometer to for
535nm
Spectrophotometer measures what?
Concentration of the pigment in the solution
What would increase in absorbance mean regarding tonoplast?
Tonoplast is more disrupted - means more pigment leaks out and so more absorbance occurs
Which organelle is betacyanin found in?
Vacuole
What does tonoplast do?
phospholipid bilayer that allows water and solutes in / out of vacuole
What is physiology?
Deals with mechanisms of living things when functioning normally
What is pathology?
Study of disease
