Introduction to Philosophy

Question 1

What is the tool
used in Philosophy?

Answer 1

Your mind.

Question 2

What is
Logic?

Answer 2

The instrument to use
our minds correctly.

Question 3

Who was the founder
of Logical Thinking?

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

What is the
Organon?

Answer 4

A collection of works by Aristotle
where the mind is reguarded
as a tool or instrument for
Logical Thinking

Question 5

What is a
Philosophical Argument?

Answer 5

A series of statements

n Premises
<n is any number>

One Conclusion

Question 6

What are the criteria|
for a good
Philosophical Argument?

Answer 6

The Argument must be Valid

The Argument must be Sound

Question 7

What does it mean
to have a
Valid Argument?

Answer 7

The Conclusion of the argument
follows logically from the premises.

If the premises are true,
then the conclusion
must be true.

Question 8

What does it mean
to have a
Sound Argument?

Answer 8

An Argument is Sound when:

It is Valid

The Premises are true

Question 9

Who wrote
the Apology?

Answer 9

Plato wrote the Apology
on account of Socrates’ trial.

Question 10

What does the word
“Apology” mean?

Answer 10

It means a form of defense

Logia –> Logos (Greek)
A word on one’s own behalf

Question 11

What was Socrates
accused of?

Answer 11

He was accused of:

Corrupting the youth

Not believing in the gods

Making a the weaker arguement appear stronger

Question 12

Why did Socrates
try to find somebody
wiser than himself?

Answer 12

He did not believe that
“there is no man wiser.”

He also assumed that
the Oracle of Delphi was
speaking metaphorically.

Question 13

In what sense did
Socrates consider himself
the wisest of all men?

Answer 13

He is wise because:

He does not know all things

He knows that he does not know

Question 14

What is the argument that
Socrates offered to
defend himself against
corrupting the youth?

Answer 14

1. If Socrates corrupts the youth, then he does so intentionally or unintentionally.
2. Corrupting the youth involves making the youth into bad people.
3. The youth are Socrates’ associates.
4. If Socrates corrupts the youth, then he is either intentionally or unintentionally making his associates into bad people.
5. Bad people end up harming their associates.
6. If Socrates corrupts the youth intentionally, then he is intentionally harming himself.
7. No one intentionally harms themselves.
8. If Socrates corrups the Youth, then he does it unintentionally.