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RPD11803-INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICS > Introduction to Pharmacy > Flashcards

Introduction to Pharmacy Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINITION

Pharmacy

A

The art, practices or profession of preparing, preserving, compounding, and dispensing medical drugs.

basic definition

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2
Q

DEFINITION

PHARMACY

A

A place where medicine are compounded or dispensed.

Merriam-Webster

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3
Q

DEFINITION

PHARMACOLOGY

A

Thr science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.

Merriam-Webster

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4
Q

DEFINITION

MEDICINE

A

A substance or preparation used in treating disease.

Merriam-Webster

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5
Q

DEFINITION

DRUG

A

A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, miligation, treatment, or prevention of disease.

Merriam-Webster

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6
Q

DEFINITION

Pharmaceutics

A

The science of preparing, using or dispensing medicines, converts a drug into medicine.

Merriam-Webster

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7
Q

HOSPITAL

Two types of Hospital

A

Public hospital
Private hospital

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8
Q

Community Pharmacies

Two example community pharmacies

A

Chain pharmacy
Independent pharmacy

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9
Q

Dosage Form

A

Capsule
Tablet

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10
Q

PHARMACOLOGY

Phamacokinetics

A

drug action to the body at the affected part

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11
Q

PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacodynamics

A

body reacts to the drug to cure affected part

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12
Q

HISTORY

FIVE era in history of pharmacy

A
  1. Ancient Era
  2. Empiric Era
  3. Industrialization Era
  4. Patient Care Era
  5. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era
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13
Q

HISTORY

Ancient Era start

A

The beginning of time to the AD 1600

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14
Q

HISTORY

Empiric Era start

A

1600-1940

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15
Q

HISTORY

Industrialization Era start

A

1940-1970

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16
Q

HISTORY

Patient Care Era start

A

1970-present

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17
Q

HISTORY

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era start

A

The new horizon

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18
Q

HISTORY

SEVEN continent under Ancient Era

E.B.C.E.I.G.IP

A
  1. Early Human Practice
  2. Babylonia
  3. China
  4. Egypt
  5. India
  6. Greece
  7. Islamic Pharmacy
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19
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

How ancient human learned ?

EARLY HUMAN PRACTICES

A

from observing their environtment and acting on instinct

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20
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What they discovered through trial, error, observation ?

EARLY HUMAN PRACTICES

A

effective plant and medical remidies and began sharing this knowledge

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21
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What was kept in Babylonia ?

BABYLONIA

A

The earliest known record of the practice of pharmacy

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22
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What roles that were often combined into one individual ?

BABYLONIA

A

priest, physician, pharmacist

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23
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What Emperor Shen Nung did ?

CHINA

A
  • researched the medical value of several hundred herbs
  • wrote the first Pen T-Shao, recording 365 drugs
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24
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Whose conducted the practice of pharmacy ?

EGYPT

A
  1. echelons
  2. chiefs of fabrication

1. similar to pharmacy technicians
2. similar to pharmacists

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25
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What ‘an Egyptian pharmaceutical document’ refers to ?

Egypt

A

The Papyrus Ebers

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26
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

The Papyrus Ebers contains

Egypt

A

contains 800 prescriptions with 700 unique drugs

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27
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Name of an ancient Indian manuscript

India

A

The Charaka Samhita

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28
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

The Charaka Samhita contains

India

A

records more that 2000 drugs

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29
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

A medicinal clay tablets were called

Greece

A

Terra Sigillata

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30
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Terra Sigillata

Greece

A

The first therapeutic agent to bear a trademark

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31
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Who is Father of Medicine

Greece

A

Hippocrates

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32
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What does Hippocrates did ?

Greece

Father of Medicine

A

liberated medicine from mysticism and positioned it as a branch of science.

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33
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Who is Father of Botany ?

Greece

A

Theophrastus

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34
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What Thephrastus did ?

Greece

Father of Botany

A

Early philospher and natural scientist who wrote about medicinal qualities of herbs

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35
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Who is Father of Toxicology

Greece

A

Mithridates

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36
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What Mithridates did ?

Greece

Father of Toxicology

A

Studied the adverse effects of plants

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37
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Who is Father of Pharmacology ?

Greece

A

Dioscorides

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38
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What Diocorides did ?

Greece

Father of Pharmacology

A

wrote “De Materia Medice” about herbal medicine

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39
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Who wrote “De methodo medendi” (On the Art of Healing) ?

Greece

A

Galen

40
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What is the cointain of “De Methodo Medendi”

Greece

On the Art of Healing

A

had a significant impact on medicine and pharmacy

41
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Twin brothers and saints of pharmacy and medicine

Greece

A

Cosmos and Damien

42
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What did Cosmos and Damien symbolize ?

Greece

A

symbolizing the close relationship between pharmacy and medicine

between two fields

43
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

First Pharmacy was located in this location

Islamic Pharmacy

A

Baghdad

44
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

The first Pharmacy in Baghdad known as

Islamic Pharmacy

A

the “saydalāniyyah”

45
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

the “Saydalāniyyah” established

Islamic Pharmacy

A

745 under the Abbasid caliphate during the Islamic Golden Age

46
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Two professions that had the clear-cut separation

Islamic Pharmacy

A

Physicians and Pharmacist

47
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Time the clear-cut separtion was done

Islamic Pharmacy

A

800 A.D in Abbasid Caliphate

48
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

People who translanted and expanded upon Greek and Roman medical texts

Islamic Pharmacy

A

Islamic scholars

49
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Islamic scholars actions

Islamic Pharmacy

A

advancing pharmaceutical knowledge

50
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Islamic scholars made a development of

Islamic Pharmacy

A

formularies and advancements in dosage forms

51
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

a regulatory tool for pharmacists to standarize medicines

Empiric Era (1600-1940)

A

The pharmacopeia

52
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

Continent where The Pharmacopeia used

Empiric Era (1600-1940)

A

Continental Europe

53
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

Started the first hospital in 1751 with a pharmacy

A

Benjamin Franklin

54
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

First hospital pharmacist

A

Jonathan Roberts

55
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

Father of American Pharmacy

A

William Practor

56
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

William Practor introduced

Father of American Pharmacy

A

control into the practice of pharmacy in America

57
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

Chemicals that identified in this era

Empiric Era (1600-1940)

Na₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂SO₄, ZnCl₂, O₂, N₂, C₃H₈O₃, NH₃

A

sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, zinc chloride, oxygen, nitrogen, glycerin, ammonia etc.

58
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

Medicines that identified

Empiric Era 1600-1940

A

quinine, caffeine, morphine, atropine, niacin, adrenaline, penicilin, and phenobarbital

59
Q

HISTORY (Empiric Era)

Empiric Era was the beginning of

Empiric Era 1600-1940

A

organic chemistry

60
Q

HISTORY (Industrialization Era)

Shift from small-scale manufacturing to

1940-1970

A

rapid mass production of medicines

61
Q

HISTORY (Industrialization Era)

Advancements in

1940-1970

A

standardization, biologically prepared products, complex chemical synthesis, and increased use of parenteral medications.

62
Q

HISTORY (Industrialization Era)

Proliferation of research into

1940-1970

A

medicines and their effects

63
Q

HISTORY (Patient Care Era)

Focus on research

1970-present

by pharmaceutical manufacturers

A

to develop new medicines

64
Q

HISTORY (Patient Care Era)

Leading to adverse reactions, drug interactions, and varying outcomes with sub- or supertherapeutic doses.

A

Development of many new drugs

65
Q

HISTORY (Patient Care Era

playing a role as therapeutic advisors and patient advocates

1970-present

A

Pharmacists

66
Q

HISTORY (Patient Care Era)

Pharmacists began playing these roles for

1970-present

A

ensuring maximum outcomes with minimal harmful effects from drug therapy

67
Q

HISTORY (Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era)

Ongoing research in

The New Horizon

A

biotechnology and gene therapy

68
Q

HISTORY (Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era)

Production of medications through

The New Horizon

A

recombinant DNA technology

69
Q

HISTORY (Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era)

New therapies of conditions introduced

The New Horizon

A

cancer, anemia, and hepatitis

70
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Definition)

Definition of a Pharmacist

A

A healthcare professional licensed to prepare, dispense, and provide clinical information on medications to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutics

71
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Role)

Pharmacists are medication experts who play a vital role in patient care by

A

optimizing medication use and promoting health, wellness, and disease prevention.

72
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Education)

Requirement to be a pharmacist

A

degree in pharmacy

73
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Licensing Requirements)

Examinations

A

passing the Qualifying Examination to Practice Pharmacy

74
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Licensing Requirements)

Training for 1 year in

A

Provisionally Registered Pharmacist (PRP)

75
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Poison License)

Fully Registered Pharmacists (FRP)

A

eligible to hold specific types of poison licenses

76
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Poison License)

Licenses are necessary for

3 points

A
  • operating a pharmacy
  • running a factory that manufactures drugs or animal feed containing drugs
  • distributing, selling, importing, and exporting drugs and certain chemicals
77
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of pharmacist)

  1. Dispensing Medications

4 points

A
  • accurately prepare, label, and dispense prescription and over-the-counter medications
  • verify prescription orders for accuracy and appropriateness
  • check for potential drug interactions, allergies, and contraindications
  • ensure correct dosages and administration routes
78
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST

(Key Responsibilities of pharmacist)

  1. Patient Counseling

4 Points

A
  • provide detailed information about prescribed medications, including usage, side effects, and storage
  • advise on the correct administration of medications, such as timing and whether to take with food
  • educate patients on the importance of following their medication regimen
  • offer advice of diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and other lifestyle factors that impact health
79
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key responsibilities of pharmacist)

(3) Medication Therapy Management (MTM)

3 POINTS

A
  • conduct thorough reviews of patients medication regimens to identify and resolve issues
  • collaborate with healthcare providers to optimize medication therapy based on guidelines and patient-specific factors
  • monitor therapeutic outcomes and adjust treatment as needed to achieve desired health outcomes
80
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of Pharmacist)

(Key responsibilities of pharmacist)

(4) Clinical Services

3 POINTS

A
  • participate in direct patient care activities in various healthcare settings
  • work closely with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to develop and implement patient care plans
  • provide specialized clinical services in areas such as oncology, psychiatric, infectious diseases, and more.

  1. (e.g., hospitals, clinics)
  2. oncology (chemotherapy)
    psychiatric (mental)
    infectious diseases (aids, tubocolosis)
81
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of Pharmacist)

(5) Educate Health Professionals

1 Point

A

provide education to other healthcare providers on the rational and effective use of medications

82
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of Pharmacist)

(6) Procurement and Inventory Management

1 Point

A

oversee the precurement and manage the inventory of drugs to ensure an adequate and timely supply

83
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

Pharmacist Assistant

DEFINITION OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

A

A healthcare professional who supports pharmacists in their daily tasks, ensuring the efficient and safe operation of a pharmacy

  • assist with the preparation and dispensing of medications, provide customer service, and perform administrative and inventory management tasks.
84
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

Requirement to be a Pharmacist Assistant

Education

A

Diploma in pharmacy

85
Q

ROLES OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

(1) Assisting pharmacists in dispensing medications

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACY ASSISTANT

3 POINTS

A
  • prepare medications for dispensing, including counting, measuring, and packaging drugs
  • label prescriptions accurately with dosage instructions and other necessary information
  • perform checks to ensure the accuracy of prepared medications before final pharmacist verification
86
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

(2) Assisting pharmacists in managing inventory

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACY ASSISTANT

3 POINTS

A
  • monitor and manage the inventory of medications and supplies
  • ensure that shelves are stocked and organized, with medications properly labeled and stored
  • track medication expiration dates and remove expired products from inventory
87
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

(3) Customer service

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

2 POINTS

A
  • provide information about medicatiion availability and answer general inquiries
  • assist patients with over-the-counter (OTC) medication selections and provide usage information

OTC : retail pharmacy
e.g., panadol, gaviscon.

88
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

(4) Prepare medicines

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

1 point

A

compound medications when commercially available preparations are not available

89
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

(5) Assisting pharmacists in preparing sterile products

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

1 POINT

A

prepare sterile products to ensure patient safety and adherence to quality standards

90
Q

ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

(6) Health education

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT

1 POINT

A

provide patients with educational materials and information on medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and disease prevention

91
Q

IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE

(1) Medication Management

2 POINTS

A
  • pharmacists ensure the correct preparation, despensing, and administration of medications
  • play a critical role in preventing medications errors and adverse drug interactions

Preparation - doctor
Dispensing - assistant
Administration - nurse

92
Q

IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE

(2) Patient Safety

2 POINTS

A
  • pharmacists monitor patient responses to medications and provide guidance on their safe use
  • contribute to medication safety medication safety programs and advers event reporting
93
Q

IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE

(3) Healthcare Accessibility

2 POINTS

A
  • community pharmacies serve as accessible healthcare hubs for medication dispensing and health services
  • provide essential health screenings, immunizations, and wellness programs
94
Q

IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE

(4) Patient Education

2 POINTS

A
  • pharmacists educate patients on the proper use of medications and adherence to treatment regimens
  • offer counseling on lifestyle changes and preventive care
95
Q

IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE

(5) Public Health

2 POINTS

A
  • pharmacists participate in public health initiatives, including vaccination programs and health awareness campaings
  • contribute to the management of chronic diseases and infectious outbreaks
96
Q

IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE

(6) Interprofessional Collaboration

2 POINTS

A
  • pharmacists work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to optimize patient care
  • participate in multidisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive health services

RPD11803-INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICS (2 decks)

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