Introduction to pharmacology and antibiotics Flashcards
Pharmacokinetics
How drugs are taken into the body, distributed and eliminated
Pharmacodymanics
The mechanisms and action of drugs, and the effect they have the body
Processes that affect pharmacokinetics
Absorption into the body and cells
Distribution around the body
Metabolism
Elimination or excretion from the body
Which two factors determine the concentration of a drug given in any part of the body?
Absorption - transfer of a drug from its site of administration into the systemic circulation and tissues where it has a theraputic effect
Distribution of drug molecules from the site of administration to site of action or storage.
Theraputic index
Comparison of the amount of a theraputic agent that has a theraputic effect compared to teh amount that causes death or toxicity
Theraputic drug monitoring
The measurement of drug concentrations in the blood. Used to monitor drugs with a narrow theraputic window.
Major antibiotics
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Quinolones
Antifolates
Metroniadazole
Antibiotic used to target anaerobes
Metronidazole
Widely distributed, used to treat abscesses
Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis
Penicillins (benzylpenicillin, flucoxacaillin, amoxicillin mainly gram +ve activity)
Cephalosporins (gram -ve)
Carbapenems (gram +ve)
Vancomycin IV (gram +ve)
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Aminoglyclosides (gram -ve) e.g. gentamicin IV
Macrolides (gram +ve) e.g. erythromycin
Tetracyclins
Antibiotics that attack DNA synthesis
Ciprofloxacin (broad, increases risk of C. diff)
Antibiotic used in MRSA
vancomycin
Likely 1st line antibiotic in skin infections
Caused by S. aureus - Flucloxacillin
Likely 1st line antibiotic in LRTI
Amoxycillin
Cause likely to be S. pneumoniae
Treatment for uncomplicated UTI
Trimethoprim
organism - E coli
