Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a drug?

A

A chemical substance of a known structure that can be administered to a living organism

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2
Q

How do drugs work?

A
  • prevent occurrence of disease
  • restore normal function
  • alter activity of compensatory pathway
  • interfere with biological processes
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3
Q

What are sites of the drug action?

A
  • anatomical sites of action (heart, blood vessels)
  • nervous systems
  • receptors and transporters
  • ion channes
  • enzymes
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4
Q

How do drugs make specific interactions with their target?

A
  • shape
  • flexibility
  • chemical groups present
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5
Q

What are off-targets?

A
  • unintended biological molecules
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6
Q

What are receptors?

A
  • target molecules

- physiological mediators produce effects

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7
Q

How are receptors classified?

A
  • sequence of genes
  • function
  • ligand and their class that denotes this
  • type and subtype based on pharmacological characteristic
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8
Q

Give an example of a drug target as a receptor

A
  • Salbutamol

- adrenoreceptor to treat asthma

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9
Q

Give an example of a drug target as an ion channel

A
  • lidocaine

- anaesthetic

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10
Q

What is intracellular signalling?

A
  • drug targets
  • second messenger offers downstream targets
  • has potential to avoid side effects
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11
Q

Name an example of drug targets as a transcription factor

A

Hydrocortisone as a steroid to treat inflammation

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