Introduction To Pharmacology Flashcards
What is a Drug?
A drug is a substance that has a physiological effect on the body.
What is Drug Therapy.?
Drug Therapy is the prevent, cure , and control.
What are the four fundamental pathways?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
What are routes of drug administration?
Oral, Sublingual, Rectal, IV, Transdermal, Inhalation
What is Drug Concentration?
Drug concentration is the amount of drug in a given volume.
What are drug and receptor interactions?
Drugs interact with receptors in our body. Receptors are special proteins that respond to signals of the enzymes. Enzymes help speed up metabolism.
What is an agonist drug?
An agonist drug enhances cellular activity to allow full effect
What is an antagonist drug?
An antagonist drug blocks cellular activity.
What is a highly potent drug?
Drugs that are highly potent only require a small amount of drug to achieve their effect.
What is a lower potent drug ?
A lower potent drug requires a higher dose to achieve their effect.
What is Efficacy ?
Efficacy is the desired effect
What is Therapeutic Index ?
The Therapeutic Index represents the relationship between concentrations cause adverse effects (unpleasant reactions or feelings) and concentrations causing desired effects.
What is absorption?
Absorption is the movement of the drug from the site of administration to the site of action.
What is the maximum effect called ?
Emax
What is the EC50?
The EC50 is when the concentration is at 50% of the the maximum ?
What is bioavailability?
Bioavailability is a way to measure how much drug or substance actually gets into your bloodstream and can work in your body.
What is Dose Response Curve ?
A dose response curve shows the relationship between the drug dose and its effects.
What is high volume of distribution?
High volume of distribution is when the drug spreads out widely into tissues and fluids.
What is a drug half life?
The half-life of a drug is how long it takes for half of the drug to leave your body. For example, if you take a pill and it has a half-life of 4 hours, after 4 hours, there will be only half of the drug left in your system.
What is zero kinetics ?
The speed of a reaction (drug ) stays the same no matter how much drug you have
What is zero order elimination?
The same speed at which the drug is going to be secreted, no matter how much drug you have in your system
First order elimination ?
First order elimination is when there is a lot of drug in your body, it gets removed quickly
What is a selective drug?
A selective drug is when it specifically targets the problem, and has fewer side effects because it works well with the other systems in the body.
What is a non selective drug?
A non selective drug is when it not only targets the problem, but also other systems and has more side effects
What is high volume distribution
The drug spreads widely into other tissues and fluids
What is low volume distribution
The drug stays mostly in the blood, and is more concentrated there
What is metabolism
Is how your body processes and uses substances
What is oxidation reaction ?
This means adding more oxygen to a substance or removing hydrogen from it
Upon binding to their receptor, steroid drugs bind to chromatin, activating the transcription of specific genes. What type of receptors steroids bind to?
Intracellular receptors
Drug biotransformation
mainly, but not exclusively in the liver, products are usually less biologically active, biotransformation products can be toxic
Phase 1 Metabolism
Involve a new formation of a new and or modified functional group (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis)
Phase 2 Metabolism
Involve conjugation with an endogenous substance. (glucuronic acid, sulfate )
