Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology and Toxicology > Introduction To Pharmacology > Flashcards

Introduction To Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Drug?

A

A drug is a substance that has a physiological effect on the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Drug Therapy.?

A

Drug Therapy is the prevent, cure , and control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four fundamental pathways?

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are routes of drug administration?

A

Oral, Sublingual, Rectal, IV, Transdermal, Inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Drug Concentration?

A

Drug concentration is the amount of drug in a given volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are drug and receptor interactions?

A

Drugs interact with receptors in our body. Receptors are special proteins that respond to signals of the enzymes. Enzymes help speed up metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an agonist drug?

A

An agonist drug enhances cellular activity to allow full effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an antagonist drug?

A

An antagonist drug blocks cellular activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a highly potent drug?

A

Drugs that are highly potent only require a small amount of drug to achieve their effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a lower potent drug ?

A

A lower potent drug requires a higher dose to achieve their effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Efficacy ?

A

Efficacy is the desired effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Therapeutic Index ?

A

The Therapeutic Index represents the relationship between concentrations cause adverse effects (unpleasant reactions or feelings) and concentrations causing desired effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is absorption?

A

Absorption is the movement of the drug from the site of administration to the site of action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the maximum effect called ?

A

Emax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the EC50?

A

The EC50 is when the concentration is at 50% of the the maximum ?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

Bioavailability is a way to measure how much drug or substance actually gets into your bloodstream and can work in your body.

17
Q

What is Dose Response Curve ?

A

A dose response curve shows the relationship between the drug dose and its effects.

18
Q

What is high volume of distribution?

A

High volume of distribution is when the drug spreads out widely into tissues and fluids.

19
Q

What is a drug half life?

A

The half-life of a drug is how long it takes for half of the drug to leave your body. For example, if you take a pill and it has a half-life of 4 hours, after 4 hours, there will be only half of the drug left in your system.

20
Q

What is zero kinetics ?

A

The speed of a reaction (drug ) stays the same no matter how much drug you have

21
Q

What is zero order elimination?

A

The same speed at which the drug is going to be secreted, no matter how much drug you have in your system

22
Q

First order elimination ?

A

First order elimination is when there is a lot of drug in your body, it gets removed quickly

23
Q

What is a selective drug?

A

A selective drug is when it specifically targets the problem, and has fewer side effects because it works well with the other systems in the body.

24
Q

What is a non selective drug?

A

A non selective drug is when it not only targets the problem, but also other systems and has more side effects

25
Q

What is high volume distribution

A

The drug spreads widely into other tissues and fluids

26
Q

What is low volume distribution

A

The drug stays mostly in the blood, and is more concentrated there

27
Q

What is metabolism

A

Is how your body processes and uses substances

28
Q

What is oxidation reaction ?

A

This means adding more oxygen to a substance or removing hydrogen from it

29
Q

Upon binding to their receptor, steroid drugs bind to chromatin, activating the transcription of specific genes. What type of receptors steroids bind to?

A

Intracellular receptors

30
Q

Drug biotransformation

A

mainly, but not exclusively in the liver, products are usually less biologically active, biotransformation products can be toxic

31
Q

Phase 1 Metabolism

A

Involve a new formation of a new and or modified functional group (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis)

32
Q

Phase 2 Metabolism

A

Involve conjugation with an endogenous substance. (glucuronic acid, sulfate )

Pharmacology and Toxicology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions