Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
Any substances that brings about a change in biologic function through its chemical actions
DRUG
A chemical preparation, which usually but not necessarily contains one or more drugs, administered with the intention of producing a therapeutic effect.
Medicine
means poison in classic Greek and means drug in modern Greek
Pharmakon
Means study of/ body of knowledge
Logia
3 branches of PHARMA
- Pharmacodynamics
- Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicology
study of the mechanism of action and a biological activity that a drug has on a living system
Pharmacodynamics
deals with the magnitude & time course of drug effects and explains the aspects of drug action through absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion (ADME)
Pharmacokinetics
Deals with the study of poisons and their effects (MOTA) and ADME
Toxicology
Drug Discovery Process
Step 1: Drug Discovery and Development
Step 2: Pre-clinical research
Step 3: Clinical Research
Step 4: FDA Post-marketing drug safety monitoring
What are the 3 Phases of Clinical Research?
- Safety & Dosage
- Efficacy & Side Effects
- Efficacy monitoring & Adverse reactions
A trademark applied to particular formulations of a particular substance by a particular manufacturer
Brand Name
Drug Classification
- Body System
- Therapeutic Use
- Mode of site or site of action
- Molecular structure
Drug Pregnancy Categories
Controlled studies in women fail to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters), and the
Category A
Drug Pregnancy Categories
Controlled studies in women fail to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters), and the possibility of fetal harm remains remote.
Category A
Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal- reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect
Category B
Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus (teratogenic or embryonical or other)
Category C
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk
Category D
Studies in animals or human beings have demonstrated fetal abnormalities or there is evidence of fetal risk based on human experience or both, and the risk of the use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweighs any possible effect.
Category X
Routes of Drug Administration
1.Oral
2. Inhalation
3. Parenteral
3. Topical
