Introduction to Pharmacoeconomics Part 1

Question 1

Quadruple Aim

Answer 1

Improving Population Health
Reducing Cost of Care
Enhancing the Patient Experience
Improving Provider Satisfaction

Question 2

Paradigm Shift to

Answer 2

“pay for performance

Question 3

Pharmacoeconomics

Answer 3

To identify, measure and compare costs and consequences (outcomes of pharmaceutical interventions

Question 4

ECHO

Answer 4

Economic outcomes
Clinical outcomes
Humanistic outcomes

Question 5

Economic outcomes

Answer 5

Direct, indirect, and tangible costs compared with the consequences of medical treatment alternatives

Question 6

Clinical outcomes

Answer 6

Medical events that occur as a result of disease or treatment

Question 7

Humanistic outcomes

Answer 7

Consequences of disease or treatment on patient functional status, or quality of life, measured along several dimensions

Question 8

Healthcare cost categories

Answer 8

Direct medical costs
Direct nonmedical costs
Indirect costs
Intangible costs
Opportunity costs

Question 9

Perspectives

Answer 9

The pharmacoeconomic question being asked usually determines the appropriate perspective or viewpoint to be used

Question 10

Cost of Illness

Answer 10

Involves identifying all the direct and indirect costs of a particular disease or illness within a healthcare system

Question 11

Cost minimization analysis

Answer 11

Compares the costs of two or more treatment alternatives that have a demonstrated equivalence in therapeutic outcome

Question 12

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 12

Method to compare the costs and benefits of treatment alternatives or programs; costs and benefits expressed in monetary terms

Question 13

Cost-effectiveness analysis

Answer 13

Method to compare competing treatment alternatives, or programs where cost is measured in monetary terms AND consequences in units of effectiveness or natural units