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ph 105 > Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis > Flashcards

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Methods for determining the chemical composition of samples of matter

A

Analytical Chemistry

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2
Q

yields information about the identity of
atomic or molecular species or the functional groups in the sample

A

Qualitative Method

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3
Q

provides numerical information as to the
relative amount of one or more of these components.

A

Quantitative MEthod

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4
Q

The process of a quantitative determination of a
chemical substance from a given sample

A

Asay

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5
Q

Types of Method of Drug Analysis

A

Nature of Sample
Size of Sample
Extent of Analysis

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6
Q

What is the classifications of nature of sample

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological

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7
Q

Instruments, Device

A

Physical

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8
Q

Reagents, Compounds, substances

A

Chemical

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9
Q

Living organisms, urine, animals, microorganisms

A

Biological

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10
Q

What are the classifications of Size of Sample?

A

Macroanalysis
Semi-microanalysis
Microanalysis
Submicroanalysis
Ultramicroanalysis

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11
Q

0.1 g or more

A

Macroanalysis

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12
Q

0.1 g - 1 g

A

Semi-microanalysis

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13
Q

0.01 g - 0.1 g

A

Microanalysis

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14
Q

0.001 g - 0.01 g

A

Submicroanalysis

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15
Q

<0.001 g

A

Ultramicroanalysis

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16
Q

The sum of total of the organised arrangements made with the object of ensuring that all APIs are of the quality required for their intended use and quality systems are maintained

A

Quality Assurance

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17
Q

Checking or testing that specifications are met
(PIC/s cGMP 2018)

A

Quality Control

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18
Q

Ensures the safety, efficacy, stability and purity
of raw materials and drug products.

A

Quality Control

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19
Q

• identification, determination, quantification and
purification of a substance;
• separation of the components of a solution or
mixture; or
• determination of structure of chemical compound

A

Pharmaceutical analysis

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20
Q

analysis of raw materials active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), intermediates, excipients, pharmaceutical substances and finished products

A

Pharmaceutical Analysis

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21
Q

Classification of Analytical Methods of Techniques

A

Separation
Qualititative Analysis
Quantitative Analysis

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22
Q

What are the classical methods of separation techniques

A

Precipitation
Extraction
Distillation

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23
Q

What the classical methods of Qualititative analysis

A

Chemical tests
B.P.
M.P
Solubility
Odor,
Optical activitt
Refractive index

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24
Q

What is the classical methods of the technique quantitative analysis

A

Titrimetry, Gravimetry, Coulometry

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25
Q

what are the instrumental methods of separation techniques

A

Chromatography,
electrophoresis

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26
Q

what are the instrumental methods of the technique quantitative analysis

A

UV/Vis spectrometry,
infrared spectrometry,
MS, NMR spectrometry

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27
Q

what are the instrumental methods of quantitative analysis

A

Potentiometry,
voltammetry,
spectrophotometry, AAS,
thermometric methods,
kinetic methods

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28
Q

Securing or getting a representative sample from
a given population

A

Sampling

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29
Q

what are the two types error

A

Indeterminate
Determinate

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30
Q

Aka Random Error

A

indeterminate

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31
Q

Uncontrolled variable

A

Indeterminate

32
Q

inherent error

A

indeterminate

33
Q

Intangible

A

Indeterminate

34
Q

Systematic Error

A

Determinate error

35
Q

Flaw in the equipment or design of the experiment

A

Determinate error

36
Q

Reproducibility of the result

A

Precision

37
Q

Usually expressed as average deviation, standard
deviation or range.

A

Precision

38
Q

difference between the largest and smallest
value.

A

Range

39
Q

describes how close a measured value is to the
“true” value

A

accuracy

40
Q

Difference between the mean value and true value

A

Absolute Error

41
Q

Absolute error divided by the true value

A

Relative Error

42
Q

Enumerate the classical method of trimetry

A

Neutralization
Redox
Complexation
Volumetric Precipitation

43
Q

Enumerate general or classical mehods

A

Trimetry
Gravimetry

44
Q

a volume of a solution of known concentration consumed during analysis is taken as a measure of the amount of active constituent in a sample being analysed

A

Titration

45
Q

measuring the volume of known concentration needed to react with analyte

A

Volumetric Titrations

46
Q

Mass instead of volume

A

Gravimetric Titrations

47
Q

measure time require for complete electrochemical reaction

A

Coulometric Titrations

48
Q

standard solution of known concentration

A

Titrant

49
Q

substance to be determined

A

analyte

50
Q

Organic substances (acids/bases) capable of existing in two
forms of different color depending on the pH

A

Indicator

51
Q

Theoretical point reached when the titrant and analyte
are chemically equivalent

A

Equivalence Point

52
Q

When a physical change occurs that is associated with the condition of chemical equivalence

A

End point

53
Q

weight of the substance chemically equivalent to 1mL of a
standard solution.

A

Titer

54
Q

Weight of a substance in gram that is chemically equivalent
to 1 gram-atom of hydrogen.

A

Gram-equivalent weight

55
Q

Titrant is directly added to analyte until the reaction goes to
completion

A

Direct Titration

56
Q

addition of excess titrant, the volume of which that did not
react with the analyte is then titrated (residual or back
titration)

A

Residual Titration

57
Q

Objectives
• To find out the effect of the impurities
• To determine the excess standard solution necessary to
establish the end-point

A

Titration with Blank Test

58
Q

enumerate other types of titration

A

Indirect Titration
Double Residual Titration

59
Q

What are some detection methods

A

Visual
Instrumental

60
Q

Appearance/Disappearance of color

A

Visual

61
Q

Change in color

A

Visual

62
Q

Appearance and disappearance of turbidity

A

Visual

63
Q

Colorimeters, turbidimeters, spectrophotometers

A

Instrumental

64
Q

Potentiometer

A

Instrumental

65
Q

for general industrial use

A

technical grade/commercial

66
Q

chemicals manufactured under current GMP
and which meet the requirement of USP/NF

A

USP/NF

67
Q

high quality chemical for laboratory use
(Reagent A.C.S. – American Chemical Society)

A

Analytical

68
Q

products of purity suitable for use in general applications

A

Chemically pure

69
Q

analytical reagent of exceptional purity that is specially manufactured for standardizing volumetric solutions and preparing reference standards.

A

Primary Standard grade

70
Q

What are the grades of reagents?

A

Technical Grade/Commerical
USP/NF
Analytical
Chemically pure
Primary Standard grade

71
Q

Determination of exact concentration (Normality or
Molarity) of a solution

A

Standardization

72
Q

• Highly purified compound
• Serves as a reference material for a titration and in other analytical
methods
• Used to standardize the volumetric solutions (VS)

A

Primary Standard

73
Q

• Purity has been determined by chemical analysis
• Serves as the working standard material for titrations and for other
analyses
• Concentration is subject to large uncertainty against 1O standard

A

Secondary Standard

74
Q

What are concentration Expressions?

A

Molarity
Normality
Percent Strength

75
Q

MW divided by the number of electrons shared by
atoms in a molecule (TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE)

A

Equivalent Weight

ph 105 (6 decks)

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