Introduction to Pharm (Lecture 1)

Question 1

Why should PTs study pharmacology?

Answer 1

-Drugs affect PT
-PT affects drugs
-PTs should be able to recognize and respond to ADRs

Question 2

How can drugs affect therapy?

Answer 2

-By hindering therapy
-By facilitating therapy
-By contributing to patient safety

Question 3

How does drugs hinder therapy?

Answer 3

-Sedatives: impair cognition or motor function
-Beta blockers: can decrease exercise tolerance

Question 4

How does drugs facilitate therapy?

Answer 4

-Analgesics: manage pain
-Drugs for PD: improve motor function

Question 5

How does drugs contribute to patient safety?

Answer 5

-Respiratory medications (rescue inhalers)
-Sub-lingual nitroglycerin (SLTNTG)

Question 6

What are the 3 types of nomenclature for drugs?

Answer 6

Drugs are identified according to Chemical, Generic, and/or Trade name

Question 7

What is meant by chemical name?

Answer 7

-Refers to the specific compound’s structure
-Long & cumbersome

Question 8

What is meant by generic name?

Answer 8

-Derived from the chemical name
-Somewhat shorter
-Non-proprietary

Question 9

What is trade name?

Answer 9

-Also known as brand name and is assigned to the compound by the pharmaceutical company for marketing purposes

Question 10

What is the chemical name for Diphenhydramine?

Answer 10

2-(diphenylmethoxy)-N,N -dimethylethylamine hydrochloride

Question 11

What is the generic name for Diphenhydramine?

Answer 11

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride

Question 12

What are the brand names of Diphenhydramine?

Answer 12

Allergy Relief, Allermax, Banophen, Benadryl, Compoz Nighttime Sleep Aid, Diphedryl, Diphenhist, Dytuss, Nytol QuickCaps, PediaCare Children’s
Allergy, Q-Dryl, QlearQuil Nightitme Allergy Relief, Quenalin, Scot-Tussin
Allergy Relief Formula, Siladryl Allergy, Silphen Cough, Simply Sleep,
Sleepinal, Sominex, Tranquil, Twilite, Unisom Sleepgels Maximum
Strength, Valu-Dryl, Vanamine PD, Z-Sleep, ZzzQuil, plus many others

Question 13

What is the nomenclature for Tylenol?

Answer 13

Chemical: N-Acetyl-p-amionphenol
Generic: Acetaminophen
Trade: Tylenol, Others

Question 14

What is the nomenclature for Larodopa, Dopar?

Answer 14

Chemical: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine
Generic: Levodopa
Trade: Larodopa, Dopar

Question 15

What is the nomenclature for Luminal, Solfoton?

Answer 15

Chemical: 5,5-Phenylethylbarbituric acid
Generic: Phenobarbital
Trade: Luminal, Solfoton

Question 16

What is the nomenclature for Valium, Valtoco (nasal spray)?

Answer 16

Chemical: 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl- 5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Generic: Diazepam
Trade: Valium, Valtoco (nasal spray)

Question 17

How many classification of controlled substances (scheduled drugs) are there?

Answer 17

Schedule I-V (5 in total)

Question 18

Describe Schedule I

Answer 18

Drugs with no currently accepted medical use and highest potential for abuse

Question 19

Describe Schedule II

Answer 19

-Drugs with a high potential for abuse with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence
- Accepted medical use

Question 20

Describe Schedule III

Answer 20

• Moderate or lower abuse potential compared to II drugs

Question 21

Describe Schedule IV

Answer 21

Lower abuse potential compared to III drugs and lower risk of dependence

Question 22

Describe Schedule V

Answer 22

Lowest abuse potential

Question 23

Examples of Schedule I drugs?

Answer 23

Heroin, LSD, Marijuana, MDMA (ecstasy)

Question 24

Examples of Schedule II?

Answer 24

Methylphenidate, methamphetamine, oxycodone, morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, and cocaine

Question 25

Examples of Schedule III?

Answer 25

Anabolic steroids, testosterone, codeine, ketamine

Question 26

Examples of Schedule IV?

Answer 26

Diazepam, lorazepam, tramadol

Question 27

Examples of Schedule V drugs?

Answer 27

Low dose opioids in cough medicine, lomotil (tx diarrhea)

Question 28

What is the chemical, general, brand/trade name of aspirin? Formulations?

Answer 28

Chemical: Acetyl salicylic acid or 2-acetoxybenzoic acid
Generic: Aspirin
Brand: Easprin, aspergum, entercote

• Capsule, extended release, 24 hour tablet, chewable capsule, liquid filled tablet, enteric coated tablet

Question 29

What are the 3 main sources of drugs?

Answer 29

Natural, chemical, and biotechnological

Question 30

Generic form of a drug must satisfy what criteria?

Answer 30

• Must have the same type and amount of active ingredients & same pharmacokinetic profile, administration route, the same therapeutic effects
• If this type of testing is done, the drugs are said to be bioequivalent
• Unless bioequivalance is established, it can be assumed that substituting a generic drug will produce therapeutic effects that are similar to the brand name Drug

Question 31

What is off-label prescribing? Example?

Answer 31

-Use of a drug to treat conditions other than those that the drug was originally approved to treat
-Ex. Anti-seizure gabapentin (neurontin) prescribed for chronic pain

Question 32

Rx vs OTC

Answer 32

• Rx: Dr has to write a Rx, people can’t buy
  -OTC- Can be bought w/o Dr Rx; Used for minor problems, less expensive, safe w/o medical supervision

Question 33

Why do PTs need to know pharm?

Answer 33

• Poly pharmacy
• Impact of drugs on tx
  -Side effects of drugs
  -Direct access will demand greater knowledge of pharm*
  -Ethical and legal responsibilities