Introduction to Pediatrics

Question 1

Who is Lillian Wald? What impacts has she made?

Answer 1

Founder of Public Health Nursing 1893

• Nurses began teaching mothers in their home
• Sanitation and sterilization
• First known playground built
• First nurses put in school

Question 2

What impacts does hospitalization have on INFANTS?

Answer 2

• Inability to describe their illness
• Stranger danger 6-18 months
• Physical behavior = discomfort (crying)

Question 3

What impacts does hospitalization have on TODDLERS?

Answer 3

• Limited ability to describe illness
• Limited understanding of rationale for procedures
• May have intense reactions
• Behavior may regress

Question 4

What impacts does hospitalization have on PRESCHOOLERS?

Answer 4

• Limited understanding of illness
• Has fears related to magical thinking
• May have separation anxiety
• Might believe hospitalization is punishment

Question 5

What impacts does hospitalization have on SCHOOL AGE?

Answer 5

• Beginning understanding of body function
• Can describe pain
• Fears loss of control; seeks information
• May experience anxiety with separation

Question 6

What impacts does hospitalization have on ADOLESCENTS?

Answer 6

• Increasing ability to understand cause and effect
• May develop body image disturbance
• Experience loss and isolation from peers
• May not adhere to treatment plan

Question 7

What is a nuclear family?

Answer 7

Two parents and their children (biologic, adoptive, step, foster)

Question 8

What is a single parent family?

Answer 8

One parent and one or more children

Question 9

What is a communal family?

Answer 9

Adults and children live together and share common goals, parenting, resources

Question 10

What is an extended family?

Answer 10

Multi-generations living together and providing support

Question 11

What is a foster family?

Answer 11

A family designed of individuals willing to care for a child that may or may not be related; ideally temporary

Question 12

Explain the Systems Theory.

Answer 12

• A change in one member affects all members
• Can initiate and react to change
• Too little or too much change can lead to family dysfunction

Question 13

Explain the Developmental Theory.

Answer 13

• Families go through predictable life cycle changes over time
• Functioning in one stage affects functioning in the next

Question 14

Authoritative Parenting is….

Answer 14

Relationship is reciprocal, responsive, high in bidirectional communication. (supportive and demanding); known to be the most effective

Question 15

Authoritarian Parenting is….

Answer 15

Relationship is controlling, power-assertive; high in unidirectional communication (unsupportive and demanding); parents have complete control , rule based and punishment oriented

Question 16

Permissive Parenting is….

Answer 16

Relationship is indulgent; low in control attempts (support and undemanding)

Question 17

Rejecting-Neglecting Parenting is….

Answer 17

Relationship is rejecting or neglecting; uninvolved (unsupportive and undemanding)

Question 18

Ways to promote positive behavior in children

Answer 18

• Take developmental level into consideration
• Set clear and realistic goals
• Reinforce positive behavior
• Validate their feelings
• Focus on the behavior not the child

Question 19

What are the drug threats in Hawai’i?

Answer 19

1) Crystal methamphetamine
2) Marijuana
3) Cocaine

Question 20

Define Ethnocentrism

Answer 20

Belief that one’s own cultural beliefs and patterns of behavior are superior to those of other cultural groups

Question 21

Morbidity vs. Mortality

Answer 21

Morbidity - the # of people in a population who are faced with a specific illness at a specific time

Mortality - the # of deaths from a specific cause in one year

Question 22

What is the link between poverty and morbidity?

Answer 22

Children who live in families with higher income and higher education have a better chance of being born health and remaining healthy; as to someone with a lower income

Question 23

What is the leading cause of death in ages 1-28 days?

Answer 23

Congenital anomalies (defects you were born with) Ex: collapsed lungs

Question 24

What is the leading cause of death in ages 29 days-1 year?

Answer 24

SIDS & congenital anomalies

Question 25

What is the leading cause of death in ages 1-19 years old?

Answer 25

Unintentional injury (MVA)

Question 26

Healthy People 2020

Answer 26

Create objectives to improve the health of others

• Main objective is to get everyone insurance

Question 27

Levels of Prevention:
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Answer 27

Primary - health promotion/education and protection from disease

Secondary - screening and early diagnosis

Tertiary - optimize function for child w/ disability or chronic disease

Question 28

What does play promote?

Answer 28

Brain development (physical, cognitive, emotional, social, moral)

Question 29

Solitary Play

Answer 29

• Child plays independently

- Common in toddlers who have not yet mastered higher level social skills

Question 30

Parallel Play

Answer 30

• Play beside each other but don’t interact

- Usually associated w/ toddlers but could be at any given age

Question 31

Associative Play

Answer 31

• Play together with organization
• May exchange or share toys but lacks formal organization
• Contagious “monkey see, monkey do”
• Usually in toddlers and preschoolers

Question 32

Cooperative Play

Answer 32

• School age child
• Organized
• Plays in groups with others
• Plans and has a goal
• Leader and follower

Question 33

Therapeutic Play

Answer 33

• Typically used by play therapists
• Allows child to act of feelings of fear, abandonment, sadness, pain, hostility
• Provides child with coping strategy
• May be used to help child understand a procedure thus gaining cooperation

Question 34

What is the rule regarding time out for children?

Answer 34

One minute time out per year (ex: 4 year old = 4 minutes of time out)