Introduction to Pediatrics Flashcards
Who is Lillian Wald? What impacts has she made?
Founder of Public Health Nursing 1893
- Nurses began teaching mothers in their home
- Sanitation and sterilization
- First known playground built
- First nurses put in school
What impacts does hospitalization have on INFANTS?
- Inability to describe their illness
- Stranger danger 6-18 months
- Physical behavior = discomfort (crying)
What impacts does hospitalization have on TODDLERS?
- Limited ability to describe illness
- Limited understanding of rationale for procedures
- May have intense reactions
- Behavior may regress
What impacts does hospitalization have on PRESCHOOLERS?
- Limited understanding of illness
- Has fears related to magical thinking
- May have separation anxiety
- Might believe hospitalization is punishment
What impacts does hospitalization have on SCHOOL AGE?
- Beginning understanding of body function
- Can describe pain
- Fears loss of control; seeks information
- May experience anxiety with separation
What impacts does hospitalization have on ADOLESCENTS?
- Increasing ability to understand cause and effect
- May develop body image disturbance
- Experience loss and isolation from peers
- May not adhere to treatment plan
What is a nuclear family?
Two parents and their children (biologic, adoptive, step, foster)
What is a single parent family?
One parent and one or more children
What is a communal family?
Adults and children live together and share common goals, parenting, resources
What is an extended family?
Multi-generations living together and providing support
What is a foster family?
A family designed of individuals willing to care for a child that may or may not be related; ideally temporary
Explain the Systems Theory.
- A change in one member affects all members
- Can initiate and react to change
- Too little or too much change can lead to family dysfunction
Explain the Developmental Theory.
- Families go through predictable life cycle changes over time
- Functioning in one stage affects functioning in the next
Authoritative Parenting is….
Relationship is reciprocal, responsive, high in bidirectional communication. (supportive and demanding); known to be the most effective
Authoritarian Parenting is….
Relationship is controlling, power-assertive; high in unidirectional communication (unsupportive and demanding); parents have complete control , rule based and punishment oriented
Permissive Parenting is….
Relationship is indulgent; low in control attempts (support and undemanding)
Rejecting-Neglecting Parenting is….
Relationship is rejecting or neglecting; uninvolved (unsupportive and undemanding)
Ways to promote positive behavior in children
- Take developmental level into consideration
- Set clear and realistic goals
- Reinforce positive behavior
- Validate their feelings
- Focus on the behavior not the child
What are the drug threats in Hawai’i?
1) Crystal methamphetamine
2) Marijuana
3) Cocaine
Define Ethnocentrism
Belief that one’s own cultural beliefs and patterns of behavior are superior to those of other cultural groups
Morbidity vs. Mortality
Morbidity - the # of people in a population who are faced with a specific illness at a specific time
Mortality - the # of deaths from a specific cause in one year
What is the link between poverty and morbidity?
Children who live in families with higher income and higher education have a better chance of being born health and remaining healthy; as to someone with a lower income
What is the leading cause of death in ages 1-28 days?
Congenital anomalies (defects you were born with) Ex: collapsed lungs
What is the leading cause of death in ages 29 days-1 year?
SIDS & congenital anomalies
