Introduction to Pediatric Medicine Flashcards
What percentage of adolescent deaths are preventable and what are the primary causes of death?
Preventable deaths 72.3%
Causes of death:
Accidents 45.5%
Homicide 15.3%
Suicide 11.3%
What age ranges define early, middle, and late adolescence?
Early adolescence ( 12- 14 years ) Middle adolescence ( 15- 17 years ) Late adolescence ( 18- 21 years )
What are the three broad categories of adolescent development?
Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
What are the first signs of physical development in adolescent males and females?
1st sign in females: thelarche
Later Females: breast and pubic hair
1st sign in males: Increase in testicular size
Later Males: genitalia and pubic hair
How does peak height velocity relate to the onset of menarche in girls and how does it differ from peak height velocity in boys?
Peak height velocity precedes menarche in females
Menarche occurs ~2 years after the onset of puberty
Peak height velocity occurs later in males than in females
How is cognitive development defined and at what stage of adolescence does it occur?
Cognitive development refers to the ability to think as an adult
Starts @ 12 years
Involves: Concrete to abstract thought Moral choices “Ideal partner” Serial monogamy Physical and cognitive development are NOT simultaneous
What are the four primary psychosocial developmental tasks?
Independence
Body image
Peers
Identity
How does the development of independence influence behavior at each phase of adolescence?
Early:
- Decreased interest in parental activities
- Wide mood swings
Middle:
- Peak of parental conflicts
Late:
- Re-acceptance of parental advice and values
- Adult- adult interaction
How does body image change in each stage of adolescent development?
Early:
- Preoccupation with self and pubertal changes
- Uncertainty about appearance
Middle:
- Acceptance of body
- Concern over making body more attractive
Late:
- comfort with pubertal changes
How do peer relationships change throughout the stages of adolescence?
Early:
- Intense friendship with same-sex friends
Middle:
- Peak peer involvement
- Conformity with peers
- Increased sexual activity & experimentation
Late:
- peers less important
- more time with intimate relationships
How does identity develop in early adolescence?
Begins abstract reasoning Increased fantasy world idealistic vocational goals Increased need for privacy Perceived lack of privacy
How does identity develop in middle adolescence?
Increased scope of feelings
Increased intellectual ability
Feeling of omnipotence
Risk-taking behavior
How does identity develop in late adolescence?
practical, realistic
refinements of moral, religious and sexual values
ability to compromise and set limits
What are the components of HEADS (HEEADSSS)
Home Education and Employment Eating Activity Drugs Suicide and Depression Sexuality Safety
