Introduction to Pathology

Question 1

What is the primary function of adipose tissue?

Answer 1

• Store fat
• Energy reserve
• Insulates body
• Protects organs (acts as a cushion)

Question 2

Why is the nucleus pushed to the side in adipocytes?

Answer 2

• The nucleous is pushed to the side by a fat droplet that fills most of the adipocyte

Question 3

What stain is used to highlight the nucleus in adipose tissue?

Answer 3

• Hematoxylin (nucleous)
• Eosin (cytoplasm)

Question 4

What do the large white spaces in adipose tissue represent?

Answer 4

Fat droplets in the adipocytes

Question 5

What triggers the activation of macrophages, and what is their role?

Answer 5

• Activated by toxins or infections and tries to fight it off
• Type of WBC

Question 6

How do we identify macrophages under a microscope based on nuclear morphology?

Answer 6

• Single, large, round or bean shaped nucleus with an irregular or ruffled cell membrane

Question 7

How do neutrophils and macrophages differ in nuclear structure?

Answer 7

• Neutrophils have a single multi-lobed nucleus, while macrophages have a single nucleus without lobes

Question 8

In what type of immune response are neutrophils typically the first responders?

Answer 8

• Neutrophils are the first responders during an infection

Question 9

What is the role of neutrophils?

Answer 9

• First responders in an infection
• Engulf pathogens (phagocytosis) and proceed to die off

Question 10

What is the role of macrophages?

Answer 10

• Engulf up dead neutrophils, dead cells, and pathogens
• Repair tissue (signal growth factor after cleaning up the site)

Question 11

What is this?

Answer 11

Adipose tissue

Question 12

What are these arrows pointing to?

Answer 12

1. Nucleous pushed to the side
2. Vacuole with fat droplet

Question 13

Name the tissue, and what are the arrows pointing at?

Answer 13

1. Connective tissue
2. Collagen fibers & nuclei

Question 14

Where is dense regular connective tissue typically found?

Answer 14

• Tendons and ligaments
• Aponeuroses
• Fascia around the muscle

Question 15

What is the role of collagen fibers in dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 15

• Tensile strength and flexibility
• Allows tissue to resist pulling forces

Question 16

Why are collagen fibers aligned in parallel in tendons and ligaments?

Answer 16

• Withstand force in one direction

Question 17

What is the function of fibroblasts in dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 17

• Produce and maintain collagen fibers for strength and structure

Question 18

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

Answer 18

• Skin Dermis
• Submucosa of the digestive tract
• Fibrous capsules of joints and organs

Question 19

Why are the collagen fibers in dense irregular connective tissue arranged in multiple directions?

Answer 19

• To provide strength and support against forces from multiple directions

Question 20

What do fibroblasts do in dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 20

• Produce and maintain collagen fibers

Question 21

Name the tissue, what are the arrows pointing at?

Answer 21

• Dense irregular connective tissue
• Fibroblasts and collagen fibers

Question 22

Name the tissue, what are the arrows pointing at?

Answer 22

• Cartilage and bone
• Chondrocyte and lacuna

Question 23

Name the tissue, what are the arrows pointing at?

Answer 23

• Skeletal muscle
• Nuceli

Question 24

Name the tissue, what are the arrows pointing at?

Answer 24

• Cardiac muscle
• Cardio myocytes, intercalated dics, and nucleous

Question 25

Name the tissue

Answer 25

Smooth muscle