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Anatomic Pathology > Introduction to Pathology > Flashcards

Introduction to Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

“The beginning of health is to know the disease” is a

A

Spanish Proverb

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2
Q

Medicine to produce health has to examine the disease

A

Plutarch

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3
Q

“The practice of medicine is as good as your understanding of Pathology

A

William Osler

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4
Q

What is Pathology?

A

derived from pathos= suffering logos= study, can be defined as the study of the disease, disease process along with the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs that is caused by a disease.

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5
Q

What is Pathology?

A

derived from pathos= suffering logos= study, can be defined as the study of the disease, disease process along with the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs that is caused by a disease.

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6
Q

pathophysiology

A

pathos= suffering physiology = study of normal function

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7
Q

Etiology

A

this is what causes a lesion

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8
Q

Lesion

A

changes in structural and fxn in a tissue and organs caused by a disease

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9
Q

Etiology can divided into

A

Genetic and Acquired

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10
Q

Pathogenesis

A

These are a series of patterns by which lesions are produced, the process of cellular injury that lead to a disease.

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10
Q

Pathogenesis

A

These are a series of patterns by which lesions are produced, the process of cellular injury that lead to a disease.

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11
Q

Morphological changes

A

Changes in the physical appearance of a lesion.

can be Macroscopic and Microscopic

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12
Q

Symptoms

A

These are the changes in the bodily function that is caused by a lesion.

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13
Q

Clinical signs

A

these are a series of indications of a particular disease that is seen upon clinical examination.

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14
Q

Syndrome

A

it is a combination of clinical signs and symptoms that is seen in particular disease condition.

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15
Q

prognosis

A

possible outcome of a disease

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16
Q

treatment

A

what is done to alleviate the symptoms of a disease

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17
Q

prevention

A

what is done to prevent future complications

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18
Q

what was the earliest approach to disease by human kind

A

irrational beliefs and magic

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19
Q

between 1500-1850AD

A

from gross anatomy to pathologic era

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20
Q

1800-1950

A

the beginning of modern tech and cellular Pathology

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21
Q

what about between 1950 till now

A

modern pathology

22
Q

Greek Gods of healing

A

Apollo and Ascelpios

23
Q

Father Medicine

A

Hippocrates

24
Q

What were the contributions of the “Father of Medicine”?

A

Formation the humoral theory
The uses of disease prognosis
Systemic classification of diseases

25
Q

Leonardo da Vinci’s contribution

A

(1452-1519) first accurate anatomical painting of the human body.

26
Q

Andrea’s Vesalius contrubution

A

(1514-1564) dissected executed prisoners

27
Q

Anthony van Leuweenhok

A

invented microscope and first staining using saffron for muscle fibres

28
Q

Gabriel Fallopius

A

1523-1562 discovery of the oviducts

29
Q

Marcello Malpighi

A

1624-1694 father of histology, discovered and described the Malphigian layer of the skin

30
Q

Giovanini Morgagni

A

1682-1771 discredited the humoral theory, published his lifetime works based 700 postmortem dissections.

31
Q

Xavier Bichat

A

1771-1802 described that organs where made of tissues

32
Q

von Rokitansky

A

1804-1878 postulated that the role of pathologist should be to diagnose diseases

33
Q

who proposed the germ theory of disease

A

Louis Pasteur

34
Q

who is credited with being the first to examine diseased cellular tissue?

A

Rudolf Virchow (1821-1905)

35
Q

who is considered the father of cellular pathology?

A

Rudolf Virchow

36
Q

who introduced frozen dissections of tissue

A

Julius Conheim

37
Q

George Papanicolau

A

discovered pap smear test for cervical cancer

38
Q

discovery of DNA structure was by who

A

Watson and Crick 1953

39
Q

discovery of the no of chromosomes

A

Tijo and Levan 1963

40
Q

what did Kary Mullis discover?

A

PCR test 1983

41
Q

in situ hybridization was discovered when?

A

1969

42
Q

how about recombinant DNA technology?

A

1972

43
Q

what year was the human genome sequenced?

A

2003

44
Q

Dolly the sheep was cloned when?

A

1997 by Ian Wilmut.

45
Q

Surgical Pathology

A

study of sectioned tissues

46
Q

Forensic Pathology

A

study of tissues and organs of postmortem corpses for medico legal reasons

47
Q

Cytopathology

A

study of cells shed from lesions and fine needle aspirations.

48
Q

Pathological examination

A

includes Gross and Microscopic examination

49
Q

Examples of Special Stains

A

Congo Red, Prussian Blue ,H&E, GRAM stain, etc.

50
Q

Immunohistochemical stains

A

HER-2/neu, Veratin, Desmin, Cytokeratin, ER, PR.

51
Q

Application of Immunochemical stains

A
  1. To diagnose cancer of unknown osteogenesis
  2. For infections
  3. To predict response to therapy
  4. To understand prognostic markers of cancers
52
Q

H&E stains blue to purple for

A

Nucleus, Nucleoli, Bacteria, Calcium etc.

Anatomic Pathology (1 decks)

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