Introduction to Participles Flashcards
To learn the fundamentals of participles
How are present participles formed?
Adding “-ing” to a verb in the English translation.
What is a participle?
A verbal adjective
What is formed when a participle has modifiers like a direct object or adverb?
A participial phrase which is much like a relative clause.
How similar is are the English and Greek participles?
They are very similar to the point that about everything from the English participle applies to the Greek.
What are the two types of participles?
Adverbial and adjectival
What are the two characteristics of participles?
They have both property of verbs and adjectives
What three tenses can a participle have?
Present, Aorist, and Perfect
What three voices can a participle have?
Active, middle, and passive (deponent too)
From what is a participle formed?
Any Verb
What are the three sometimes four common parts of a participle?
- Root
- Connecting Vowel
- Participle Morpheme
- Case Ending
What is the key to understanding participles?
Recognizing that a the primary significance of participles is one of aspect, i.e. a type of action.
What type of aspect does the present participle convey?
Continuous action
What type of action does the aorist participle convey?
Undefined action
What kind of action does the perfect participle convey?
completed action with present effects.
What tense stems do participles use for each of the three tenses in which they are found?
- Present participle - present tense stem
- Aorist participle - aorist tense stem
- Perfect participle - perfect tense stem
How does an adjectival participle agree with the noun it modifies?
In case, number, and gender.
Does a participle technically have a subject?
No, but we can tell what the participle is modifying by case endings.
