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MedBio4 Lec (Medical Parasitology) > Introduction to Parasitology > Flashcards

Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A narrower field of parasitology, concerned primarily with the animal parasites of humans and
their medical importance in human communities

A

Medical Parasitology

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2
Q

Area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

A

Parasitology

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3
Q

Deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions

A

Tropical Medicine

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4
Q

An illness which is indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area
→ May also occur in sporadic or epidemic proportions in areas that are non
tropical
→ Many are parasitic diseases
→ E.g. Malaria that is endemic in the Philippines can be present in western
countries due to global transportation of goods

A

Tropical DIseases

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5
Q

A pathogen that simultaneously injures and derives sustenance
from a host

A

Parasite

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6
Q

Organisms may develop unique relationships due to
their habitual and long associations with one another
and this relationship is very important for their survival

A

Biological Relationships

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7
Q

the living together of unlike organisms.
● → May also involve protection or other advantages to
one or both organisms

A

Symbiosis

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8
Q

Forms of Symbioses

A

Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism

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9
Q

One organisms benefit from
the relationship without
harming or benefitting the
other. give example.

A

Commensalism

ex: Entamoeba coli - nourished
and protected from harm in the
intestinal lumen without
harming the host tissue

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10
Q

2 organisms mutually benefit
each other and give example

A

Mutualism

ex: Termites and flagellates in
their digestive system which
synthesize cellulase for
breakdown of ingested wood

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11
Q

One parasite lives in or
another depending on the
latter for its survival and
usually at the expense of the
host and give example

A

Parasitism

ex: Entamoeba histolytica derives
nutrition from the human host
and causes amoebic dysentery

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12
Q

Classification of Parasites
According to Habitat

A

TYPE:
Endoparasites
Ectoparasites
Erratic

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13
Q

Lives Inside the host’s body Presence of such parasites is
called INFECTION
E.g. Trichuris trichiura

A

Endoparasites

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14
Q

live Outside the host’s body, Presence of such parasites is
called infestation
E.g. lice in scalp

A

Ectoparasites

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15
Q

Found in an organ which is not its
usual habitat
Note: always know the natural
habitat
E.g. Ascaris lumbricoides which is
normally found in the small
intestine → extraintestinal
migration into the lungs and heart

A

Erratic

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16
Q

Classification of Parasites
According to Dependance of Host

A

Obligate
Facultative

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17
Q

Needs a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species. They depend entirely upon their host for existence.

A

Obligate

18
Q

Example of Obligate

A

Tapeworm

19
Q

May exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises.

A

Facultative

20
Q

Classification of Parasites
According to mode of living

A

Accidental/incidintal
Permanent
Temporary
Spurious

21
Q

Establishes in a host where it does not ordinarily live.

A

Accidental/incidintal
example: ascaris lumbricoides - found in respiratory system

22
Q

Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

A

Permanent
example: Gut microflora

23
Q

Lives on or in the host for only a short period of time.

A

Temporary

24
Q

Free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host but may cause injury to the host

A

Spurious

25
Q

Classification of Host
Type of host:

A

Definitive/Final
Intermediate
Paratenic
Reservoir

26
Q

One in which the parasites attain sexual maturity, Doesn’t matter what stage it enters the host as long as it achieves sexual maturity.

A

Definitive/Final
Example: Taeniasis in human

27
Q

Harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite.

A

Intermediate
Example: Pigs and cattle in taenia spp.

28
Q

One in which the parasite does not develop further but remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host important because they widen the parasite distribution and bridge the ecological gap between the definitive and intermediate hosts.

A

Paratenic

29
Q

Allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection

A

Reservoir
Example: Pigs in Balantidium coli

30
Q

responsible for parasite transmission from one host

A

Vectors

31
Q

Types of vectors

A

Biological
Mechanical/Phoretic vector

32
Q

Transmits the parasite only after it has completes its development within the host. An essential part of the parasite’s life cycle

A

Biologic

33
Q

Transports only the parasite No development or multiplication involved in the part of the parasite

A

Mechanical/Phoretic Vector

34
Q

Harmful and frequently cause mechanical injury to their hosts

A

Pathogen or Medically known parasites of humans

35
Q

Harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.

A

Carriers
Aedies sp.

36
Q

Process of inoculating an infective agent

A

Exposure

37
Q

Established of the infective agent in the host. Happen once agent has entered the host’s body

A

Infection

38
Q

Result when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection

A

Autoinfection

39
Q

Happen when the already infected individual is further infected with the same species, leading to massive infection with the parasite.

A

Hyperinfection/Superinfection

40
Q

Explain incubation period

A

Clinical
Biological/Pre-patient
Exposure to infection to appearance of first symptoms

41
Q

Sources of Infection

A
  1. Contaminated Solid and Water
  2. Food
  3. Arthropods
  4. Wild or domesticated animals
  5. Another person, his beddings and clothing and formites
42
Q
A

MedBio4 Lec (Medical Parasitology) (1 decks)

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