Introduction to Parasitology

Question 1

the area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

Answer 1

parasitology

Question 2

concerned primarily with parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities

Answer 2

Medical Parasitology

Question 3

a branch of medicine that deals
with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions

Answer 3

Tropical
Medicine

Question 4

an illness, which is indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic or epidemic proportions in areas that are not tropical.

Answer 4

tropical disease

Question 5

Many tropical diseases are ______

Answer 5

parasitic
diseases

Question 6

living together of unlike organisms. It may also involve protection or other advantages to one or both organisms

Answer 6

Symbiosis

Question 7

What are different forms of symbiosis?

Answer 7

Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism

Question 8

a symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other

Answer 8

Commensalism

Question 9

a symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and the flagellates in their digestive system, which synthesize cellulase to aid in the breakdown of ingested wood.

Answer 9

Mutualism

Question 10

a symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host.

Answer 10

Parasitism

Question 11

often described according to their habitat or mode of development

Answer 11

Parasites

Question 12

A parasite living inside the body of a host is known as an _____

Answer 12

endoparasite

Question 13

a parasite living outside the body of a host is an ______

Answer 13

ectoparasite

Question 14

The presence of an endoparasite in a host is called an _________

Answer 14

infection

Question 15

The the presence of an ectoparasite on a host is called an _____

Answer 15

infestation

Question 16

A parasite is considered _____ when it is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat

Answer 16

erratic

Question 17

Most parasites are _____ _____ in that they need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species.

Answer 17

obligate parasites

Question 18

Obligate parasites such as _____ depend entirely upon their host for existence.

Answer 18

tapeworms

Question 19

A ____ _____ may exist in a free-living
state or may become parasitic when the need arises

Answer 19

facultative parasite

Question 20

A parasite, which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live, is called an ______ or ______ parasite.

Answer 20

accidental or incidental

Question 21

A _____ parasite remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

Answer 21

permanent

Question 22

a ______ parasite lives on the host only for a short period of time

Answer 22

temporary

Question 23

A _____ parasite is a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.

Answer 23

spurious

Question 24

____ can be classified into various types based on their role in the life cycle of the parasite.

Answer 24

Hosts

Question 25

one in which the parasite attains sexual maturity

Answer 25

definitive or final host

Question 26

In ______, for example, humans are considered the definitive host.

Answer 26

taeniasis

Question 27

An ____ host harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite.

Answer 27

intermediate

Question 28

Pigs or cattle serve as intermediate hosts of ________ ___while snails are hosts of ________ ___

Answer 28

Taenia spp.,
Schistosoma spp.

Question 29

If there is more than one intermediate host, these can be classified as ______ and _____ intermediate hosts

Answer 29

first and second

Question 30

A _____ host is one in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages. However, the parasite remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host.

Answer 30

paratenic

Question 31

There are also other animals that harbor the parasite other than definitive, intermediate, and paratenic hosts. These are known as _____ hosts.

Answer 31

reservoir

Question 32

They allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection.

Answer 32

reservoir hosts

Question 33

T or F: Humans are not always the final host.

Answer 33

T

Question 34

Humans may be the most important host in the spread of the disease or an ________ of parasites prevalent in other animals

Answer 34

incidental host

Question 35

are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another

Answer 35

Vectors

Question 36

A _____ ______ transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host. It is is therefore an essential part of the parasite’s life cycle

Answer 36

biologic vector

Question 37

A __________ or ________ _______only transports the parasite.

Answer 37

mechanical or phoretic vector,

Question 38

Majority of parasites are ____ which are harmful and which frequently cause mechanical injury to their hosts

Answer 38

pathogens

Question 39

A ____ harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms

Answer 39

carrier

Question 40

the process of inoculating an infective agent

Answer 40

Exposure

Question 41

connotes the establishment of
the infective agent in the host

Answer 41

infection

Question 42

the period between
infection and evidence of symptoms

Answer 42

incubation period

Question 43

The incubation period is
sometimes referred to as the ____

Answer 43

clinical incubation period

Question 44

the period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence or demonstration of infection

Answer 44

pre-patent period or biologic incubation period

Question 45

results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection

Answer 45

Autoinfection

Question 46

happens when the already infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to massive infection with the parasite

Answer 46

Superinfection or hyperinfection

Question 47

There are various sources of parasitic
infections. The most common sources are _____ ___ and ___

Answer 47

contaminated soil and water.

Question 48

Lack of sanitary toilets and the use of night soil or human excreta as fertilizer allow the eggs to come in contact with the soil and favor the development of?

Answer 48

Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, and hookworm

Question 49

_____may be contaminated with cysts of amebae or flagellates, as well as cercariae of Schistosoma

Answer 49

Water

Question 50

Another possible source of infection is _____, which may contain the infective stage of the parasite, as exemplified by a number of trematode and cestode infections.

Answer 50

food

Question 51

Raw crabs are considered a delicacy
in areas where ____ is endemic,

Answer 51

paragonimiasis

Question 52

raw Bullastra snails are associated with
________ __________infection.

Answer 52

Artyfechinostomum malayanum

Question 53

___ can also transmit infection.
Mosquitoes are vectors of malaria and filarial parasites.

Answer 53

Arthropods

Question 54

Triatoma bugs are carriers of
_______ ________causing Chagas disease

Answer 54

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 55

Cats are direct sources of
_____ infection, while rats may be infected
with _______ _____

Answer 55

Toxoplasma
Hymenolepis nana

Question 56

Autoinfection where the infected
person himself is the source of infection is seen in the life cycles of (3)

Answer 56

Capillaria philippinensis,
Enterobius vermicularis,
Hymenolepis nana, and
Strongyloides stercoralis