Introduction to Pain & Anxiety Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are some medical indications for use of sedation in dentistry?

A

Conditions aggravated by stress of dental treatment:
- ischaemic heart disease
- hypertension
- asthma
- epilepsy
- psychosomatic illness
- ulcerative collitis or crohn’s disease

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2
Q

What are some cooperation medical indications for use of sedation in dentistry?

A
  • spasticity disorders
  • parkinson’s disorders
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3
Q

What are some psychosocial indications for use of sedation in dentistry?

A
  • phobias
  • gagging
  • persistent fainting (anxiety related)
  • idiosyncracy to LA (feeling faint)
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4
Q

what is a phobia?

A

An irrational and uncontrollable fear, which is related to a specific object or situation. It is persistent,, despite avoidance of the provoking stimulus. It has a direct effect on the patient’s lifestyle.

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5
Q

What are some causes of dental anxiety?

A
  • trauma (usually in childhood)
  • transferred or learned (parents/playground)
  • fear of criticism
  • fear of dress
  • lack of communication
  • helplessness
  • invasion of body orifice
  • environment & surgery appearance
  • staff continuity
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6
Q

what are some dental indications for sedation?

A
  • difficult or unpleasant procedures (surgical extraction of wisdom teeth, orthodontic extractions, implants)
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7
Q

what are some medical contra-indications to use of sedation?

A
  • severe of uncontrolled systemic disease
  • severe mental or physical disability (lack of understanding)
  • severe psychiatric problems
  • narcolepsy
  • hypothyroidism
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8
Q

What is an ASA 1?

A

A normal healthy patient

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9
Q

What is an ASA 2?

A

A patient with mild systemic disease

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10
Q

What is an ASA 3?

A

a patient with severe systemic disease (poorly controlled diabetes)

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11
Q

What is an ASA 4?

A

A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

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12
Q

What is an ASA 5?

A

A moribund patient who is not suspected to survive without the operation

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13
Q

What is an ASA 6?

A

a declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being kept alive for donation purposes

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14
Q

What level of ASA patients can dentists treat?

A

ASA 1 & 2 (anything further must be treated by anaesthetist)

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15
Q

What are some medical contraindications to intravenous sedation?

A
  • intracranial pathology
  • COPD
  • myasthenia gravis
  • hepatic insufficiency (unable to metabolise drug properly)
  • pregnancy & lactation
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16
Q

What are some medical contraindications to inhalational sedation?

A
  • blocked nasal airway
  • COPD
  • pregnancy (sedates the fetus)
17
Q

What are some social contraindications to sedation?

A
  • unwilling
  • uncooperative
  • unaccompanied
  • children (for IV… must be inhalation)
  • very old
18
Q

What are some dental contraindications to intravenous sedation?

A
  • procedure too difficult for LA
  • procedure too long
  • spreading infection (airway threatening & limits LA)
  • procedure too traumatic
19
Q

What are the advantages of use of sedation in dentistry?

A
  • decrease dentist stress
  • decrease staff stress
  • decrease patient stress
  • fewer medical incidents
  • more productive appointments
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of use of sedation in dentistry?

A
  • training required (both dentist & nurse)
  • equipment required
  • recovery time & after care
21
Q
A