Introduction to paediatrics Flashcards
Advantage of pediatric PTRE
The advantage of a pediatric patient is the plasticity of the brain and adaptability of the child to his disability provided he is given the
proper milieu to grow and develop
It is progressive increase in
skill and capacity to
function. It is related to
maturation and myelination
of the nervous system. It
includes psychological,
emotional and social changes. It
is qualitative aspects. This is true of what?
a) Growth
b) Development
Development
- It occurs by multiplication
of cells and an increase
in in intracellular
substance. It is
quantitative changes of
the body - It is the process of
physical maturation
resulting an increase in
size of the body and various
organs.
- It is the process of
These are true of what?
a) Growth
b) Development
Growth
What are the Principles of Growth
and Development
Cephalocaudal direction
➢ Proximodistal direction
➢ General to Specific
The 5 Main Areas of Child
Development
➢ Cognitive development,
➢ Social development
➢ Emotional development,
➢ Speech and language
development,
➢ Physical development
(Fine motor skill &Gross
motor skill development)
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF PEDIATRIC
THERAPY?
Make movements easier to achieve
Train normal patterns of movement
Improve ability with everyday activities
Improve muscle strength
Lift range of movement
Improve gross or fine motor skills
Corrects posture
Maintain balance
Increase confidence with tasks
Requirements of motor learning (engine learning)?
➢ Children should find their own solutions
➢ should be able to generalize it
>Should be able to transfer it
Name the traditional models of pediatric rehab
NDT (BOBATH)
Sensory Integration
Therapy (SI)
VOJTA
PETO
Traditional exercises
(ROM etc.)
Name the current (motor learning based) approaches of pediatrics
Cognitive orientation to daily
occupational performance
(CO-OP),
neuromotor task training
(NTT),
family-centered functional
therapy (FCFT),
activity-focused motor
interventions (AFMI)
constraint-induced
movement therapy, (CIMT)
bimanual training(HABIT)
Differences between traditional and current models of ped. PTRE
While Traditionally, intervention methods have focused on the impairment level of the ICF and individual components of activity;
New approaches focus on activity performance.
Characteristics of the traditional model of pediatric PT
(bottom-up, impairmentbased approach)
Child oriented
Center oriented
one-dimensional approach
Task and activity analysis
Approaches based on body
structures and functional
disability
labeler terminology
Characteristics of the current model of ped. PTRE
activity-based approaches
‘top-down’
Child & family oriented
child’s natural environment
Multidimensional
approaches
Dynamic performance
analyzes
Motor learning-based
approaches
Labeling terminology is not
used.
Ped. PT for younger children components:
Play activities play important role in pediatric physiotherapy.
◦ Arm exercises may be combined with ball works or drawing
◦ Leg exercises may be combined with touching well placed
objects with the toes.
◦ Any exercise may be reinforced by using an action song.
◦ Standing may be encouraged by placing an attractive
activity on suitable height surface.
◦ Movement may be encouraged by fetching and carrying
games
Ped. Pt for older children
>7years
The therapist should plan a number of short activities
lasting 5 to 10 minutes.
Time can be allowed for play as a reward between or
after therapeutic activities.
Therapist should always explain to the child what is
expected of him.
WHY IS EARLY INTERVENTION SO
IMPORTANT?
Developmental plasticity is a general term
referring to changes in neural connections during
development as a result of environmental
interactions as well as neural changes induced
by learning.
Much like neuroplasticity or brain plasticity,
developmental plasticity is specific to the change
in neurons and synaptic connections as a
consequence of developmental processes.
A child creates most of these connections
from birth to early childhood
