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Tri 6 - Ortho Image > Introduction to Orthopedic Imaging > Flashcards

Introduction to Orthopedic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Three Basic Forms of Imaging

A

Transmission imaging
Reflection imaging
Emission imaging

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2
Q
  • Radiography (x-ray)
  • Fluoroscopy
  • Computed tomography (CT)
A

Transmission imaging

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3
Q

Ultrasound

A

Reflection imaging

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4
Q
  • Magnetic resonance (MR)

* Nuclear medicine

A

Emission imaging

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5
Q

• A beam of energy (x-ray) is passed through the

body

A

Transmission Imaging

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6
Q

simply a permanent
film record of the differential
attenuation of the x-ray beam by
the various tissues inside the body

A

radiograph

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7
Q

Based on sound waves, which are sent into the body
and reflected back to the sound head – similar to an
echo

A

reflection imaging

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8
Q

Structures that have low density (e.g., fluid) do not

reflect many sound waves back and appear ______ in reflective imaging

A

dark

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9
Q

many, if not all, of the sounds waves back and are Structures that are very dense (e.g., bone) reflect _____ in reflective imaging

A

bright

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10
Q

various tissues of the body emit a particular
frequency, which is detected and mapped by a
computer to generate an image

A

Emission imaging

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11
Q
  • Trauma (recent or old)
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Night pain
A

red flag

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12
Q
  • Neuromotor deficit
  • Suspicion of inflammatory arthritis
  • History of malignancy
A

red flag

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13
Q

• FUO (fever of unknown origin) • Abnormal blood work • Deformity (i.e. scoliosis)

A

red flag

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14
Q

• Failure to respond normally to therapy • Medicolegal implications

A

red flag

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15
Q

• > 50 years of age • Pediatric patient with non-traumatic pain • Drug/Alcohol abuse • Corticosteroid use

A

yellow flag

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16
Q

• Unavailability of any other kind of imaging • Unavailable, lost or technically inadequate previous
studies • “Dated” previous studies • Research (need IRB)

A

yellow flag

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17
Q

• Constitutional or systemic disease • Recent immigration • Therapeutic risk assessment (i.e. Down’s Syndrome)

A

yellow flag

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18
Q

• Patient education • “Routine screening” • Habit • A discharge status assessment

A

non-indicator

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19
Q

• Routine biomechanical analysis • Pre-employment screening • Inadequate equipment (outdated/abused) • Non-trained personnel (CA)

A

non-indicator

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20
Q

• Financial gain • Recent history of high-level radiation exposure • Pregnancy

A

non-indicator

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21
Q

In many situations, the first step in the diagnostic
imaging process should be ______
whenever possible!

A

plain film radiography

22
Q

Great for musculoskeletal,
abdominal and chest
pathology

A

plain film radiography

23
Q

contraindications of ______:
• Ionizing radiation
• Limit the use on children • Avoid use on pregnant or potentially pregnant women

A

plain film radiography

24
Q

plain film radiography: ABCS

A
  • Alignment
  • Bone
  • Cartilage space
  • Soft tissue
25
Q

positive fat pad sign indicates

A

fluid in the joint

26
Q

avascular necrosis of lunate

A

keinbach’s dz

27
Q

gallstone seen _____ on xray

A

15%

28
Q

renal stone seen ____ on xray

A

85%

29
Q

The use of x-ray is

A

DECLINING

30
Q

Spine assessment, especially generalized back pain

A

MR

31
Q

Evaluation of nasal/paranasal sinuses for infection

A

CT

32
Q

Evaluation of the kidneys

A

CT

33
Q

kidney function

A

US, MR, or nuclear medicine

34
Q

Abdominal pain

A

CT and MRI

35
Q

Skull injuries

A

CT

36
Q

GREAT for imaging:

• Internal joint derangement • Musculoskeletal soft tissues • Bone marrow

A

MR

37
Q

BAD for imaging:
• Subtle calcifications/bony fragments
• Anatomy that may be obscured by motion

A

MR

38
Q 
contra of \_\_\_\_\_: 
1st tri of pregnancy
>300lb
ferromagnetic artifacts
cardiac pacemakers
cochlear implants
A

MR

39
Q

Strengths
• Anatomic detail • Fat, subacute hemorrhage • Meniscal pathology • Use with Gadolinium (Gd) enhancement, with or without fat
saturation • Marrow pathology better than some other pulse sequences

A

MR T1

40
Q

Weaknesses
• Poor detection of soft tissue edema and other T2 sensitive
pathology • Not as sensitive as STIR or fast spin echo T2 with fat sat for marrow
pathology

A

MR T1

41
Q

Strengths
• Detection of fluid and many pathologic processes • T2 spine scans act as a myelographic study without the need for
intrathecal contrast administration

A

MR T2

42
Q

Weaknesses

• Long imaging times – a fast spin echo will reduce T2 imaging

A

MR T2

43
Q

Strengths

• Anatomic detail • Meniscal pathology

A

Proton Density - PD

44
Q

Weaknesses

• Poor detection of fluid and marrow pathology

A

Proton Density - PD

45
Q

Strengths

• Ligaments • Tendons • Loose bodies and subtle hemorrhage • 3D imaging

A

Gradient echo – GE or T2*

46
Q

Weaknesses

• Poor detection of marrow pathology at high field strengths • Metallic hardware – increases artifacts

A

Gradient echo – GE or T2*

47
Q

Strengths

• Marrow and soft tissue edema

A

Short Tau Inversion Recovery – STIR

48
Q

Weaknesses
• Should not be used with Gadolinium
• Doesn’t perform well with large patients or large fields of view

A

Short Tau Inversion Recovery – STIR

49
Q

• Specialized form of MR that allows non-invasive imaging of the cardiovascular system
• Allows examination of this system in instances where
angiography is contraindicated

A

MRA = MR angiography

50
Q

MR Contrast agent

A

“GAD” Gadolinium diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA)

51
Q

Paramagnetic contrast agent that enhances the MR signal
intensity of various tissues following its intravenous or intra-
articular administration
• Useful in the evaluation of inflammatory or neoplastic lesions

A

Gadolinium

Tri 6 - Ortho Image (4 decks)

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