Introduction to Orthodontics

Question 1

What is a class I skeletal relationship?

Answer 1

mandible 2-3mm posterior to maxilla

Question 2

What is a class II skeletal relationship?

Answer 2

mandible more than 2-3mm posterior to maxilla

Question 3

What is a class III skeletal relationship?

Answer 3

mandible less than 2-3mm posterior to maxilla, sometimes anterior

Question 4

What is hemi-mandibular hypertrophy?

Answer 4

• one side of mandible hypertrophic
  
  • slow process
  • teeth still occluding
• surgery required to level can’t

Question 5

What is hemi-facial microsomia?

Answer 5

• spectrum syndrome
  
  • affected brachial arch development
    - first 17-25 days of life
• affects auditory structures, mandible and teeth
  
  • progressive with age

Question 6

What are the treatment options for skeletal discrepancies?

Answer 6

for growing patients:
- growth modification techniques to promote or restrict growth
- functional appliances
- most common
- modify jaw growth
- headgear
- not often used
- does not work for lower jaw
- reverse pull facemask/rapid maxillary expander
- pulls maxilla forward

for adults who have completed growth
- orthographic surgery
- bilateral saggiata split osteotomy
- single jaw or bimaxillary procedures

Question 7

What professionals are part of the orthographic team?

Answer 7

• orthodontist
• maxillofacial surgeon
• clinical psychologist
• maxillofacial technician
• speech therapist
• general dental practitioner

Question 8

Who is involved in management of cleft lip and palate?

Answer 8

• orthodontist
• cleft surgeon
• ENT
• speech therapy
• maxillofacial surgeon
• plastic surgeon
• dental practitioner

Question 9

What methods are used to aid orthodontic diagnosis?

Answer 9

• study models
• radiographs
  
  • OPT
  • lateral cephalogram
• photographs
• sensibility tests
• CBCT

Question 10

What are the aims of orthodontic treatment

Answer 10

• achieve an occlusion which is
  
  • stable
  • functional
  • aesthetic

Question 11

What different types of appliances are used in orthodontics?

Answer 11

• removable
  
  • good in growing patients
  • often followed by fixed 6 months later
• functional
  
  • modify jaw growth
• fixed
  
  • 3 dimensional control of tooth position
• other
  
  • aligners
  • Invisalign
  • headgear
  • reverse pull head gear
  • temporary anchorage devices
    - screws into bone to move teeth

Question 12

What are the benefits of orthodontic treatment?

Answer 12

• improved function
• improved aesthetics
• improved dental health
  
  • teeth easier to clean
• reduced risk of trauma
• facilitates other dental treatment

Question 13

What are the risks of orthodontic treatment?

Answer 13

• decalcification
• relapse
• root resorption
• pain
• discomfort
• soft tissue trauma
• failure to complete treatment
• loss of tooth vitality
• inhalation or ingestion of small components
• candida infections