Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What does the general formula show you?
Give the general formula of Butan-1-ol
And algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.
C H OH
n 2n+1
What does the empirical formula show you?
Give the empirical formula for Butan-1-ol
The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
C4H10O
What does molecular formula show you?
Give the molecular formula of
Butan-1-ol
The actual number of atoms of each element in molecule.
C4H10O
What does structural formula show you?
Give the structural formula of
Butan-1-ol
Shows the atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups.
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
What does the skeletal formula show you?
Shows the bones of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups.
The hydrogen and carbon atoms aren’t shown.
What does the displayed formula show you?
Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them.
What is the prefix or suffix for an alkane?
Give an example of one.
-ane
Propane
CH3CH2CH3
What is the prefix or suffix for a branched alkane?
Give an example of one.
-alkyl
Methypropane
CH3CH(CH3)CH3
What is the prefix or suffix for an alkene?
Give an example of one.
-ene
Propene
CH3CH=CH2
What is the prefix or suffix for a halogenoalkane?
Give an example of one.
fluoro- / chloro- / bromo- / iodo-
Chloroethane
CH3CH2Cl
What is the prefix or suffix for an alcohol?
Give an example of one.
-ol
Ethanol
CH3CH2OH
What is the prefix or suffix for an aldehyde?
Give an example of one.
-al
Ethanal
CH3CHO
What is the prefix or suffix for a ketone?
Give an example of one.
-one
Propanone
CH3COCH3
What is the prefix or suffix for a carboxylic acid?
Give an example of one.
-oic acid
Ethanolic acid
CH3COOH
What is the prefix or suffix for an ester?
Give an example of one.
alkyl-
-oate
Ethyl ethanoate
CH3COOCH2CH3
What is the prefix or suffix for an amine?
Give an example of one.
-amine
Methylamine
CH3NH2
What is the prefix or suffix for an amide?
Give an example of one.
-amide
Ethanamide
CH3CONH2
What is the prefix or suffix for an acyl chloride?
Give an example of one.
-oyl chloride
Ethanoyl chloride
CH3COCl
What is the prefix or suffix for a cycloalkane?
Give an example of one.
cyclo- / -ane
Cyclohexane
C6H12
What is the prefix or suffix for an arene?
Give an example of one.
-benzene / phenyl-
Methylbenzene
C6H5CH3
Definition of isomerism:
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Explain what a chain isomer is:
Chain isomers have a different arrangement of the carbon skeleton.
Some are straight chains and others are branched chains.
Explain what a positional isomer is:
Positional isomers have the same skeleton and the same atoms or groups of atoms attached.
The difference is that the atom or group of atoms is attached to a different carbon atom.
Explain what a functional group isomers is:
Functional group isomers have the same atoms arranged into different functional groups.
Define stereoisomerism:
Stereoisomers have the same structural formula but a different arrangement and space.
What is an E-isomer?
An E-isomer has the same groups positioned across the double bond.
H CH3 C=C H3C H
What is a Z-isomer?
A Z-isomer has the same groups both above or below the double bond.
H3C CH3
C=C
H H
