Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What does the general formula show you?

Give the general formula of Butan-1-ol

Answer 1

And algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.
C H OH
n 2n+1

Question 2

What does the empirical formula show you?

Give the empirical formula for Butan-1-ol

Answer 2

The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

C4H10O

Question 3

What does molecular formula show you?
Give the molecular formula of
Butan-1-ol

Answer 3

The actual number of atoms of each element in molecule.

C4H10O

Question 4

What does structural formula show you?
Give the structural formula of
Butan-1-ol

Answer 4

Shows the atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups.
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

Question 5

What does the skeletal formula show you?

Answer 5

Shows the bones of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups.
The hydrogen and carbon atoms aren’t shown.

Question 6

What does the displayed formula show you?

Answer 6

Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them.

Question 7

What is the prefix or suffix for an alkane?

Give an example of one.

Answer 7

-ane
Propane
CH3CH2CH3

Question 8

What is the prefix or suffix for a branched alkane?

Give an example of one.

Answer 8

-alkyl
Methypropane
CH3CH(CH3)CH3

Question 9

What is the prefix or suffix for an alkene?

Give an example of one.

Answer 9

-ene
Propene
CH3CH=CH2

Question 10

What is the prefix or suffix for a halogenoalkane?

Give an example of one.

Answer 10

fluoro- / chloro- / bromo- / iodo-
Chloroethane
CH3CH2Cl

Question 11

What is the prefix or suffix for an alcohol?

Give an example of one.

Answer 11

-ol
Ethanol
CH3CH2OH

Question 12

What is the prefix or suffix for an aldehyde?

Give an example of one.

Answer 12

-al
Ethanal
CH3CHO

Question 13

What is the prefix or suffix for a ketone?

Give an example of one.

Answer 13

-one
Propanone
CH3COCH3

Question 14

What is the prefix or suffix for a carboxylic acid?

Give an example of one.

Answer 14

-oic acid
Ethanolic acid
CH3COOH

Question 15

What is the prefix or suffix for an ester?

Give an example of one.

Answer 15

alkyl-
-oate
Ethyl ethanoate
CH3COOCH2CH3

Question 16

What is the prefix or suffix for an amine?

Give an example of one.

Answer 16

-amine
Methylamine
CH3NH2

Question 17

What is the prefix or suffix for an amide?

Give an example of one.

Answer 17

-amide
Ethanamide
CH3CONH2

Question 18

What is the prefix or suffix for an acyl chloride?

Give an example of one.

Answer 18

-oyl chloride
Ethanoyl chloride
CH3COCl

Question 19

What is the prefix or suffix for a cycloalkane?

Give an example of one.

Answer 19

cyclo- / -ane
Cyclohexane
C6H12

Question 20

What is the prefix or suffix for an arene?

Give an example of one.

Answer 20

-benzene / phenyl-
Methylbenzene
C6H5CH3

Question 21

Definition of isomerism:

Answer 21

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

Question 22

Explain what a chain isomer is:

Answer 22

Chain isomers have a different arrangement of the carbon skeleton.
Some are straight chains and others are branched chains.

Question 23

Explain what a positional isomer is:

Answer 23

Positional isomers have the same skeleton and the same atoms or groups of atoms attached.
The difference is that the atom or group of atoms is attached to a different carbon atom.

Question 24

Explain what a functional group isomers is:

Answer 24

Functional group isomers have the same atoms arranged into different functional groups.

Question 25

Define stereoisomerism:

Answer 25

Stereoisomers have the same structural formula but a different arrangement and space.

Question 26

What is an E-isomer?

Answer 26

An E-isomer has the same groups positioned across the double bond.

H        CH3
   C=C H3C       H

Question 27

What is a Z-isomer?

Answer 27

A Z-isomer has the same groups both above or below the double bond.

H3C CH3
C=C
H H