-introduction to organic chemistry (3.1.1)

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

An element that contains hydrogen and carbon only

Question 2

what is the simplest hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

Alkane

Question 3

What is the general formula of an alkane?

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

What are the characteristics of a homologous series?

Answer 4

• They share the same functional group
• They have the same general formula
• They react in a similar manner as they are chemically similar
• The trend is each member of the series differs from the previous member by one -CH2- unit.

Question 5

Name the types of organic formulas

Answer 5

• Molecular formula
• Emperial formula ( simplified molecular formula)
• Displayed formula
• General formula
• Structural formula ( the one which tells you the number of bonds for each carbon) e.g. CH3CH2CH3
• Structural formula (the one which tells you the number of bonds for each carbon by drawing lines between them) e.g. CH3–CH2–CH3
• Skeletal formula (each point represents a carbon and its bond)

Question 6

Name 10 Alkanes

Answer 6

• Methane
• Ethane
• Propane
• Butane
• Pentane
• Hexane
• Heptane
• Octane
• Nonane
• Decane

Question 7

List what carbon can do?

Answer 7

• It has the ability to form strong bonds within itself

- It can form long chains or cylic chains

Question 8

Draw every single organic formula for butane

Answer 8

Do it on a piece of paper and then check on google

Question 9

What is a homologous series?

Answer 9

A homologous series is a group of compounds which share the same funtional group and general formula, due to their similiar properties

Question 10

Be able to draw upto the first 6 alkanes

Answer 10

Check your answers on google

Question 11

As the chain length of a hydrocarbon increases what happens to the bonds {explain further}?

Answer 11

As the chain length increases, the bonds and intermolecular forces increase and thus the melting and boiling points of the hydrocarbon increase because it is harder to break the larger intermolecular forces

Question 12

What are the IUPAC rules?

Answer 12

Find the longest unbranched carbon chain
Then label any other elements that are attached
Number the carbons by giving the constituent the smallest number possible
Then work out the name based on how much of each elect is present
e.g. 2,3-dichloro-methylbutane

Question 13

What is added between number and between names of compounds? give an example

Answer 13

Numbers = commas
Letters = dashes
2,3- dibromo- 3- chloropentane

Question 14

What order do you write the compound names in?

Answer 14

Alphabetically

Question 15

Where does the functional group go? give example

Answer 15

At the end of the compound and number it

2,3-dibromo-1-ol

Question 16

What prefixs are used for 2 or more of the same compound?

Answer 16

Di,tri,tetra,penta,hexa

Question 17

Where does the double bond go in Alkene groups?

Answer 17

It can go in front of the suffix

example: but-3-ene
example: 2-chloro-but-4-ene

Question 18

What is an Alkyl group?

Answer 18

It’s Alkanes with a H missing

Question 19

Examples of Alkyl groups

Answer 19

Methyl- Ch3
Ethyl-C2H5
Propyl- CH3CH2CH2
Butyl- Ch3CH2Ch2Ch2

Question 20

What is the root of a hydrocarbon chain?

Answer 20

The longest, unbranched hydrocarbon chain

Question 21

What is used for the IUPAC rules for chlorine, bromine an iodine?

Answer 21

Chloro,bromo,iodo

Question 22

For alkenes how do you work out the compound name?

Answer 22

find the longest unbranched carbon chain e.g. butene

Then find where the double bond is number it and wrote the number before the suffix of -ene