Introduction to Organic Chemistry.

Question 1

What is the general formula of Alkanes

Answer 1

CnH2n+2

Question 2

What is the general formula of alkenes

Answer 2

CnH2n

Question 3

General formula of alcohol

Answer 3

CnH2n+1

Question 4

What is the molecular formula?

Answer 4

Shows exact number of elements in a chain.

Question 5

What is the molecular formula of butane?

Answer 5

c4H10

Question 6

What is the displayed formula.

Answer 6

A way of showing the structure of a molecule where all atoms and bonds are represented.

Question 7

What is the empirical formula

Answer 7

The empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 8

What is the skeletal formula

Answer 8

where carbon atoms are implied at the junctions and ends of lines: simplified

Question 9

types of alkyl side chains

Answer 9

-methyl = 1 Carbon chain
- ethyl = 2
-propyl = 3
-butyl = 4

Question 10

example of a functional chain

Answer 10

EthanOL
FLOUROmethane.

Question 11

What is the numbering system?

Answer 11

It is used when the position of a functional group on a carbon chain needs to be clarified.
It is the lowest possible number that has to be used.

Question 12

What is a functional group?

Answer 12

A group of atoms in an organic molecule that give it distinctive chemical properties.

Question 13

What is an isomer?

Answer 13

organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 14

What is a chain isomer?

Answer 14

structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain.

Question 15

What is a positition isomer?

Answer 15

Functional group is in a different position of ‘skeleton’

Question 16

functional group isomers?

Answer 16

Atoms arranged differently to create functional groups

Question 17

What is stereoisomerism?

Answer 17

Molecules that have the same molecular formula + structural formulas but a diff arrangement of atoms in space.

Question 18

What is an E isomer

Answer 18

the highest priority groups on each carbon involved in a double bond are on opposite sides.

Question 19

What is a Z isomer?

Answer 19

the highest priority groups on each carbon involved in a double bond are on the same side.

Question 20

what is structural isomerism?

Answer 20

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures.

Question 21

what rules decide if an alkene does not show stereoisomerism?

Answer 21

• have to have double bond
  either side needs to have different groups

Question 22

how to find the empirical formula?

Answer 22

1. note the mass of each element
2. divide atomic masses
3. divide by lowest figure to obtain ratio
4. empirical formula

Question 23

how to find molecular formula?

Answer 23

Divide the relative formula mass of the molecular formula by the relatve formula mass of the empirical formula
Multiply the number of each element present in empirical formula.

Question 24

percentage yield

Answer 24

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100%

Question 25

atom economy

Answer 25

Total mr of product/total mr of all reactants x100