Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only.
What is meant by saturated?
Contains single carbon-carbon bonds only.
What is meant by unsaturated?
Contains a carbon-carbon double bond.
What is the molecular formula?
The formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom.
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound.
What is the general formula?
Algebraic formula for a homologous series.
What is the structural formula?
Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
What is the displayed formula?
Shows all the covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule.
What is the shape around the carbon atom in a saturated hydrocarbon? Bond angle?
Tetrahedral - 109.5 bond angle.
What is the skeletal formula?
The simplified organic formula shown by removing the hydrogen atoms leaving just the carbon skeleton and the functional groups.
What is the functional group?
The atom or group of atoms that causes molecules to have similar chemical properties.
What is a homologous series?
Same functional group and same general formula.
What do homologous series show?
A gradual change in physical properties e.g. boiling point.
What does each member of a homologous series differ by?
CH2 from the last.
What do homologous series have in common?
Same chemical properties.
Functional group for an alkane?
C-C
Alkane suffix?
-ane
Functional group for an alkene?
C=C
Alkene suffix?
-ene.