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Chemistry : Organic Chemistry AS > Introduction to organic chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

ALKANE

A

C-C

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2
Q

ALKENE

A

C=C

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3
Q

AMINE

A

NH2

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4
Q

ALCOHOL

A

O-H

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5
Q

Homologous series characteristic

A

1) Same functional groups
2) different number of CH2 groups
3) chemically similar
4) gradual change in physical properties
5) same general formula

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6
Q

general formula for cycloalkane

A

CnH2n

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7
Q

general formula for Amine

A

CnH2n+1NH2

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8
Q

general formula for alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

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9
Q

general formula for alkene

A

CnH2n

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10
Q

general formula for alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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11
Q

define isomer

A

compounds that have the same molecular formula but their atoms are arranged differently

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12
Q

State the meaning of the term structural isomers

A

(Compounds with the) same molecular formula but different structural formula

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13
Q

define chain isomer

A

compounds have the same molecular formula but different carbon chain arrangements to one another.

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14
Q

define position isomer

A

-molecules that have the same molecular formula but have their functional group in different postions

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15
Q

define functional isomer

A

the same molecular formula but different functional groups

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16
Q

State the meaning of the term stereoisomers.

A

(Compounds / molecules with) the same structural formula
with atoms arranged differently in space

17
Q

Another structural isomer of J is shown below.
Explain how the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) priority rules can be used to deduce the
full IUPAC name of this compound. (6)

A

-Consider the atomic number of the atoms attached

-C has a higher atomic number than H, so CH2OH takes priority

-Both groups contain C atoms, so consider atoms one bond further away

-C, (H and H) from ethyl group has higher atomic number than H, (H and H)
from methyl group, so ethyl takes priority

  • The highest priority groups, ethyl and CH2OH are on same side of the C=C
    bond so the isomer is Z

-The rest of the IUPAC name is 3-methylpent-2-en-1-ol

18
Q

alkane

19
Q

alkene

20
Q

alcohol

21
Q

halogenoalkanes

A

C-X ( x halogen) chloro, bromo, iodo

22
Q

aldehydes

A

C=O but bonding to H al

23
Q

ketone

24
Q

carboxylic acid

A

C-OOH oic acid

25
Q

esters

A

O=C-O oate

26
Q

what does a curly arrow represent

A

movement of pair of electrons

27
Q

define nucleophile

A

an electron-rich species that can donate a pair of electrons

high electron density

28
Q

define electrophiles

A

electron-deficient species that accept electrons

29
Q

Order of priority highest first:

A

Carboxylic acids >aldehydes>ketones>alcohols>alkenes>halogenoalkanes

Chemistry : Organic Chemistry AS (16 decks)

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