introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
general formula of alkane
CnH2n+2
general formula of alkene
CnH2n
general formula of alcohol
CnH2n+1OH
molecular formula
actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
empirical formula
simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
homologous series
of a group of compounds have the same functional group and general formula
alkane p/s
ane
alkane branched p/s
alkyl
halogenoalkane p/s
halo- -ane
alkene p/s
-ene
aldehyde P/S
-al CHO
ketone p/s
-one -C=O
alcohol p/s
-ol -OH
carboxylic acids p/s
-oic acid -COOH
cycloalkane
-cyclo -ane
curly arrows
show movement of a pair of electrons
free radical mechanisms
unpaired electron in radical is represented by a dot
does not require curly arrows
structural isomers
have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
3 types-chain, position, functional group
position isomer
have the same molecular formula but a different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton
chain isomer
have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of the carbon skeleton
functional group isomer
have the same molecular formula but a different functional group
stereoisomers
compounds with the same structural formulas with atoms arranged differently in space
what is E/Z isomerism?
is a form of stereoisomerism and occurs as a result of restricted rotation about the planar carbon to carbon double bond
E-opposite
Z- together
when are CIP priority rules used?
when deciding if an isomer is E/Z when we have 4 different groups around the double bond
