Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound consisting of hydrogens and carbons only

Question 2

Saturated

Answer 2

Contains only one single bond between the carbon- carbon atoms

Question 3

Unsaturated

Answer 3

Contains a double bond between the carbon atoms

Question 4

Molecular formula

Answer 4

The formula that shows the actual number of each type of atom

Question 5

Empirical formula

Answer 5

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound

Question 6

General formula

Answer 6

Algebraic formula for a homologous series

Question 7

Structural formula

Answer 7

Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 8

Displayed formula

Answer 8

Shows all the covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule

Question 9

Skeletal formula

Answer 9

Shows the simplified organic formula by removing the hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains

Question 10

Functional groups

Answer 10

An atom or group of atom which when present in different molecule causes them to have similar chemical properties

Question 11

Homologous series

Answer 11

Organic compounds with the same functional group and the same general formula

Question 12

Nomenclature

Answer 12

Molecules are named according to rules set down by iupac

Question 13

General rules for naming carbon chains

Answer 13

1) count the longest continuous chain of carbon and name the stem (E.g. 5=pentane)
2) number the carbon chain so that the functional group is on the lowest possible number
3) add the appropriate prefix for each branched chain

Question 14

Alkenes

Answer 14

Double bond is between two carbons

Ends in -ene

Question 15

Alcohols

Answer 15

They have the ending of -ol

Question 16

Aldehydes

Answer 16

Ends in -Al

It always has a C=O bond at the first carbon of the chain (the end of the chain)

Question 17

Ketones

Answer 17

End in -one

Always in the middle of a chain

Question 18

Mechanisms

Answer 18

Shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

Question 19

How can a mechanism be shown?

Answer 19

By using curly arrows

Question 20

Structural isomers

Answer 20

They have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 21

Chain isomers

Answer 21

Same molecular formula but different arrangements of carbon atoms

Question 22

Positional isomers

Answer 22

Same molecular formula but different position of the functional group

Question 23

Functional group

Answer 23

Same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 24

Stereoisomers

Answer 24

They have the same structural formula but different arrangements of atoms in space

Question 25

E/Z isomerism

Answer 25

When you have 2 different atoms or groups of atoms on the same carbon

Question 26

E/Z isomerism

Answer 26

E- same groups opposite the double bond

Z- same groups but on the same side of the double bond

Question 27

Cip rules

Answer 27

1) label carbons with double bonds ‘carbon 1’ and ‘carbon 2’
2) calculate the atomic number of the first element directly bonded to the c=c. Those are the higher priority