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Organic Chemistry > Introduction to organic chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is shown by the empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of elements

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2
Q

What is shown by the molecular formula?

A

The actual number of each element in a compound

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3
Q

What is shown by the general formula?

A

The algebraic formula for a homologous series

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4
Q

What is shown by the structural formula?

A

The arrangement of atoms in letter form

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5
Q

What is shown by the displayed formula?

A

All the covalent bonds and atoms

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6
Q

What is shown by the skeletal formula?

A

The carbon skeleton and other groups
> except hydrogen

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7
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group (and general formula)

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a homologous series?

A

> gradual change in physical properties depending on chain length
successive members differ by CH2
same chemical properties

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9
Q

What base shows 1 carbon atom?

A

meth

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10
Q

What base shows 2 carbon atoms?

A

eth

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11
Q

What base shows 3 carbon atoms?

A

prop

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12
Q

What base shows 4 carbon atoms?

A

but

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13
Q

What base shows 5 carbon atoms?

A

pent

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14
Q

What base shows 6 carbon atoms?

A

hex

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15
Q

What homologous series has C-halogen as its functional group?

A

halogenoalkanes

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16
Q

What homologous series has C=C as its functional group?

A

alkenes

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17
Q

What homologous series has C-OH as its functional group?

A

alcohols

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18
Q

What homologous series has O=C-H as its functional group?

A

aldehydes

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19
Q

What homologous series has C=O as its functional group?

A

ketones

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20
Q

What homologous series has C≡N as its functional group?

A

nitriles

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21
Q

What homologous series has O=C-OH as its functional group?

A

carboxylic acids

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22
Q

What homologous series has C-NH2 as its functional group?

A

amines

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23
Q

What is the functional group of halogenoalkanes?

A

C-halogen

24
Q

What is the functional group of alkenes?

A

C=C

25
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

C-OH

26
Q

What is the functional group of aldehydes?

A

O=C-H

27
Q

What is the functional group of ketones?

A

C=O

28
Q

What is the functional group of nitriles?

A

C≡N

29
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

O-C-OH

30
Q

What is the functional group of amines?

A

C-NH2

31
Q

What is the suffix/prefix of halogenoalkanes?

A

Fluoro-
Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-

32
Q

What is the suffix/prefix of alkenes?

A

-ene

33
Q

What is the suffix/prefix of alcohol?

A

-ol
Hydroxy-

34
Q

What is the suffix/prefix of aldehydes?

A

-al

35
Q

What is the suffix/prefix of ketones?

A

-one
Oxo-

36
Q

What is the suffix/prefix of nitriles?

A

-nitrile

37
Q

What is the suffix/prefix of carboxylic acids?

A

-oic acid

38
Q

What is the suffix/prefix of amines?

A

-amine
Amino-

39
Q

Where can other prefixes come from?

A

Alkyl groups

40
Q

How are prefixes and suffixes numbered?

A

Depending on which carbon atoms in the stem they are on
> want lowest sum of number
> double bonds must always be numbered lowest

41
Q

How are prefixes ordered?

A

Alphabetically

42
Q

What happens when the carbon atoms are in a ring?

A

Place ‘cyclo’ before the base

43
Q

How are reactions of organic compounds explained?

A

Using mechanisms

44
Q

What are the steps in free radical mechanisms?

A

> initiation
propogation
termination

45
Q

What is is not required for radical
mechanisms?

A

Curly arrows

46
Q

How is the formation of a covalent bond shown?

A

A curly arrow
> from a lone electron or another bond

47
Q

How is the breaking of a covalent bond shown?

A

A curly arrow
> from the bond

48
Q

What is structural isomerism?

A

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural fromula

49
Q

How do you draw chain isomers?

A

With a different carbon skeleton

50
Q

How do you draw position isomers

A

With the same functional group of a different numbered carbon atom

51
Q

How do you draw functional group isomers?

A

With a different functional group
> e.g. a cyclo-molecules

52
Q

What is stereoisomerism?

A

When molecules have the same molecular and structural formulas but a different spatial arrangement of atoms

53
Q

What is E-Z isomerism?

A

A form of steroeisomerism

54
Q

Why does E-Z isomerism occur?

A

As a result of restricted rotation about the planar carbon–
carbon double bond

55
Q

Which is the E-isomer?

A

The isomer with the priority groups on opposite sides

56
Q

Which is the Z-isomer?

A

The isomer with the priority groups on the same side

57
Q

What is the priority group?

A

The group on the C atom that has the highest Ar/Mr

Organic Chemistry (5 decks)

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