Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Hydrocarbons
? A compound consisting of hydrogen and carbons only
Homologous Series
? Families of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formula
Each differ by CH3
Same chemical properties
Saturated
Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only
Unsaturated
Contains a C-C double bond
Molecular formula
Shows the actual number of each type of atom
Sturcutral formula
Shows the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Displayed formula
Shows all the covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule
Skeletal formula
Shows the simplified organic formula, by removing hydrogen atoms and leaving a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
Function group
Is an atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties
Priority of functional group
Least to most
alkanes, halogenoalkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acids
Structural isomerism
Same molecular formula but different structural formula
3 different types of structural isomerism
Chain isomerism, position isomerism, functional isomerism
Chain isomerism
? Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton.
Position isomerism
? Same molecular formula but different structural formula due to the different position of the same functional group
Functional isomerism
? Same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give a different functional group.
Stereoisomers
? Compounds with the same molecular formula and the same structural formula, but different arrangement of atoms in space.
What type of compound can show E-Z isomerism
Alkenes
When is E-Z isomerism prosent
Restricted rotation around the C=C bond
Two different group attached to both ends of the double bond
How to identify geometric/E-Z isomerism
Draw a vertical line through the C=C bond.
There must at least one functional group on each side
Draw a horizontal line through C=C
If the functional group is at the same plane they are Z (cis-)
If the functional group are on opposite planes then they are E (trans-)
CIG Priority rules
H
Free radical
A reactive species which possess an unpaired electron
