Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of an element in a molecule or compound
Define molecular formula
Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule
Define displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
Define structural formula
Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
Define skeletal formula
Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H
Give the suffix for no double bonds
-ane
Give the suffix for at least one double bond
-ene
Give the suffix for an alcohol
-ol
Give the suffix for an aldehyde
-al
Give the suffix for a ketone
-one
Give the suffix for a carboxylic acid
-oic acid
Give the prefix for a CH3 group
methyl-
Give the prefix for a C2H5 group
ethyl-
Give the prefix for a C3H7 group
propyl-
Give the prefix for a C4H9
butyl-
Give the prefix for a Cl group
chloro-
Give the prefix for a Br group
bromo-
Give the prefix for a I Group
iodo-
Define structural isomerism
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What is positional isomerism?
Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place
What is functional group isomerism?
Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms
What is chain isomerism?
Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains
Define stereoisomerism
When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space
What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?
E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C
double bonds
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on
the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen)
isomer
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer
