Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define empirical formula

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of an element in a molecule or compound

Question 2

Define molecular formula

Answer 2

Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

Question 3

Define displayed formula

Answer 3

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 4

Define structural formula

Answer 4

Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

Define skeletal formula

Answer 5

Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H

Question 6

Give the suffix for no double bonds

Answer 6

-ane

Question 7

Give the suffix for at least one double bond

Answer 7

-ene

Question 8

Give the suffix for an alcohol

Answer 8

-ol

Question 9

Give the suffix for an aldehyde

Answer 9

-al

Question 10

Give the suffix for a ketone

Answer 10

-one

Question 11

Give the suffix for a carboxylic acid

Answer 11

-oic acid

Question 12

Give the prefix for a CH3 group

Answer 12

methyl-

Question 13

Give the prefix for a C2H5 group

Answer 13

ethyl-

Question 14

Give the prefix for a C3H7 group

Answer 14

propyl-

Question 15

Give the prefix for a C4H9

Answer 15

butyl-

Question 16

Give the prefix for a Cl group

Answer 16

chloro-

Question 17

Give the prefix for a Br group

Answer 17

bromo-

Question 18

Give the prefix for a I Group

Answer 18

iodo-

Question 19

Define structural isomerism

Answer 19

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 20

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 20

Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place

Question 21

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 21

Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Question 22

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 22

Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains

Question 23

Define stereoisomerism

Answer 23

When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 24

What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?

Answer 24

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C
double bonds
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on
the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen)
isomer
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer