Introduction to Operating Systems and Commands

Question 1

What is an operating system (OS)?

A) A program that manages a computer’s hardware and software
B) A type of hardware component
C) A programming language
D) A type of application software

Answer 1

A) A program that manages a computer’s hardware and software

Explanation: An operating system is a crucial software component that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer, providing a stable and consistent way for applications to interact with the hardware.

Question 2

Who is the founder and CEO of Canonical, the company behind the development of the Linux-based Ubuntu operating system?

A) Linus Torvalds
B) Bill Gates
C) Mark Richard Shuttleworth
D) Steve Jobs

Answer 2

C) Mark Richard Shuttleworth

Explanation: Mark Richard Shuttleworth is the founder and CEO of Canonical, the company responsible for developing the Ubuntu operating system, which is based on Linux.

Question 3

Which of the following are examples of Linux distributions?

A) Debian, Redhat, Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS
B) Windows, macOS, Android, iOS
C) Python, Java, C++, Ruby
D) Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, Google Chrome

Answer 3

A) Debian, Redhat, Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS

Explanation: Debian, Redhat, Ubuntu, Fedora, and CentOS are all popular distributions (distros) of the Linux operating system, each with its own features and package management systems.

Question 4

Is Linux free to use?

A) Yes
B) No

Answer 4

A) Yes

Explanation: Linux is free to use and is open-source software, meaning that its source code is available for anyone to view, modify, and distribute.

Question 5

In a client-server model, what is the first step to set up a client?

A) Set IP address (Static or DHCP)
B) Set PC name and member of domain
C) Authentication
D) Set Security and privilege on server

Answer 5

A) Set IP address (Static or DHCP)

Explanation: The first step in setting up a client in a client-server model is to configure the IP address, which can be static or assigned dynamically via DHCP.

Question 6

What is a central database used for in a client-server model?

A) Authentication
B) User management
C) Security management
D) All of the above

Answer 6

D) All of the above

Explanation: A central database in a client-server model is used for authentication, user management, and security management, providing a centralized way to control access and permissions.

Question 7

Which command is used to check the version of Ubuntu installed on a system?

A) sudo apt update
B) cat /etc/lsb-release
C) cd /
D) mkdir folder1

Answer 7

B) cat /etc/lsb-release

Explanation: The command cat /etc/lsb-release is used to display the version information of the Ubuntu operating system installed on the system.

Question 8

What does the cd command do in Ubuntu?

A) Updates the package list
B) Changes the current directory
C) Creates a new directory
D) Removes a file

Answer 8

B) Changes the current directory

Explanation: The cd (change directory) command is used to navigate between directories in the file system.

Question 9

How do you create an empty file named draft.txt in the current directory using Ubuntu commands?

A) mkdir draft.txt
B) touch draft.txt
C) rm draft.txt
D) cp draft.txt

Answer 9

B) touch draft.txt

Explanation: The touch command is used to create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file. In this case, touch draft.txt creates an empty file named draft.txt.

Question 10

Which command is used to list the contents of a directory in Ubuntu?

A) ls
B) cd
C) mkdir
D) rm

Answer 10

A) ls

Explanation: The ls command is used to list the contents of a directory, displaying files and subdirectories within the specified directory.

Question 11

What does the rm -r command do in Ubuntu?

A) Removes a file
B) Removes an empty directory
C) Removes a directory and all of its contents
D) Copies a file

Answer 11

C) Removes a directory and all of its contents

Explanation: The rm -r command is used to remove a directory and all of its contents, including subdirectories and files, recursively.

Question 12

How do you append text to an existing file in Ubuntu without overwriting its contents?

A) echo “text” > file.txt
B) echo “text”&raquo_space; file.txt
C) cat file.txt
D) touch file.txt

Answer 12

B) echo “text”&raquo_space; file.txt

The&raquo_space; operator is used to append text to an existing file without overwriting its contents. In this case, echo “text”&raquo_space; file.txt adds the text to the end of the file.

Question 13

How do you create a new file named example.txt in the current directory using Ubuntu commands?

A) mkdir example.txt
B) touch example.txt
C) rm example.txt
D) cp example.txt

Answer 13

B) touch example.txt

Explanation: The touch command is used to create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file. In this case, touch example.txt creates a new file named example.txt.

Question 14

What does the echo command do in Ubuntu?

A) Displays the contents of a file
B) Outputs the specified text to the terminal
C) Creates a new file
D) Deletes a file

Answer 14

B) Outputs the specified text to the terminal

Explanation: The echo command is used to display a line of text or a string that is passed as an argument. It can also be used to write text to a file.

Question 15

How do you remove a directory named old_folder and all of its contents in Ubuntu?

A) rm old_folder
B) rmdir old_folder
C) rm -r old_folder
D) cp -r old_folder

Answer 15

C) rm -r old_folder

Explanation: The rm -r command is used to remove a directory and all of its contents, including subdirectories and files, recursively.

Question 16

Which command is used to move a file named report.txt to a directory named documents in Ubuntu?

A) cp report.txt documents/
B) mv report.txt documents/
C) rm report.txt documents/
D) touch report.txt documents/

Answer 16

B) mv report.txt documents/

Explanation: The mv command is used to move or rename files and directories. In this case, mv report.txt documents/ moves the file named report.txt to the documents directory.

Question 17

How do you create multiple directories named dir1, dir2, and dir3 in Ubuntu?

A) mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3
B) rmdir dir1 dir2 dir3
C) touch dir1 dir2 dir3
D) cp dir1 dir2 dir3

Answer 17

A) mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3

Explanation: The mkdir command is used to create directories. By specifying multiple directory names, you can create multiple directories at once (e.g., mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3).

Question 18

How do you append the text “Hello, World!” to a file named greetings.txt in Ubuntu without overwriting its contents?

A) echo “Hello, World!” > greetings.txt
B) echo “Hello, World!”&raquo_space; greetings.txt
C) cat “Hello, World!” > greetings.txt
D) cat “Hello, World!”&raquo_space; greetings.txt

Answer 18

B) echo “Hello, World!”&raquo_space; greetings.txt

Explanation: The&raquo_space; operator is used to append text to an existing file without overwriting its contents. In this case, echo “Hello, World!”&raquo_space; greetings.txt adds the text to the end of the file.

Question 19

Which command is used to display the contents of a file named data.txt in Ubuntu?

A) ls data.txt
B) cd data.txt
C) cat data.txt
D) touch data.txt

Answer 19

C) cat data.txt

Explanation: The cat command is used to display the contents of a file. In this case, cat data.txt displays the contents of the file named data.txt.

Question 20

How do you create a new file named notes.txt and write the text “Meeting at 10 AM” to it in Ubuntu?

A) echo “Meeting at 10 AM” > notes.txt
B) echo “Meeting at 10 AM”&raquo_space; notes.txt
C) cat “Meeting at 10 AM” > notes.txt
D) cat “Meeting at 10 AM”&raquo_space; notes.txt

Answer 20

A) echo “Meeting at 10 AM” > notes.txt

Explanation: The > operator is used to write text to a file, overwriting its contents if the file already exists. In this case, echo “Meeting at 10 AM” > notes.txt creates the file notes.txt and writes the specified text to it.

Question 21

How do you display the current system date and time in Ubuntu?

A) time
B) date
C) clock
D) datetime

Answer 21

B) date

Explanation: The date command is used to display the current system date and time.

Question 22

Which command is used to display the current user’s username in Ubuntu?

A) whoami
B) who
C) id
D) uname

Answer 22

A) whoami

Explanation: The whoami command is used to display the current user’s username.

Question 23

How do you display the system’s hostname in Ubuntu?

A) hostname
B) uname
C) whoami
D) hostnamectl

Answer 23

A) hostname

Explanation: The hostname command is used to display the system’s hostname.

Question 24

Which command is used to display detailed information about the system, including the kernel version, in Ubuntu?

A) uname -a
B) hostname
C) whoami
D) date

Answer 24

A) uname -a

Explanation: The uname command is a Linux command that provides information about the system’s kernel, operating system, and hardware.

Question 25

What does the cd / command do in Ubuntu? A) Changes the current directory to the home directory B) Changes the current directory to the root directory C) Changes the current directory to the parent directory D) Changes the current directory to the previous directory

Answer 25

B) Changes the current directory to the root directory ## Footnote Explanation: The cd / command changes the current directory to the root directory of the file system, which is the topmost directory in the hierarchy.

Question 26

How do you change the current directory to your home directory in Ubuntu? A) cd / B) cd ~ C) cd .. D) cd home

Answer 26

B) cd ~ ## Footnote Explanation: The cd ~ command changes the current directory to the user's home directory. The tilde (~) is a shortcut representing the home directory.

Question 27

What does the cd .. command do in Ubuntu? A) Changes the current directory to the root directory B) Changes the current directory to the home directory C) Changes the current directory to the parent directory D) Changes the current directory to the previous directory

Answer 27

C) Changes the current directory to the parent directory ## Footnote Explanation: The cd .. command moves the current directory up one level in the directory hierarchy, effectively changing to the parent directory.