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(NCM 100) THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING > INTRODUCTION TO NURSING > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO NURSING Flashcards

1
Q

Assumes responsibility for the continuous care of the sick, injured, disabled, and the dying

A

NURSING

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2
Q

Ultimate goal of Nursing is to ___?

A

IMPROVE PATIENT CARE

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3
Q

Attributes, characteristics, and action of the nurse providing care

A

NURSING

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4
Q

Responsible for encouraging the health of individuals, families, and communities

A

NURSING

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5
Q

Largest, most diverse profession and one of the most respected of all healthcare professionals

A

NURSING

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6
Q

Actively involved in health care research, management, policy deliberation, entrepreneurship, and patient advocacy

A

NURSES

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7
Q

Assume independent responsibility for providing primary health care and specialty services

A

NURSES

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8
Q

Work independently and in collaboration with other health care professionals

A

NURSES

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9
Q

HISTORY OF NURSING

Professional Nursing traditionally begun with _________?

A

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

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10
Q

HISTORY OF NURSING

Is a well-educated daughter of a wealthy British family who defied social conventions to become a nurse

A

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

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11
Q

HISTORY OF NURSING

Nursing was not seen as a respectable career for the ___________. Why?

A

Upper Class

Because it is reserved for the poor or middle class. It is only acceptable for them to take care of their friends and intimate family only.

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12
Q

HISTORY OF NURSING

Believed that through science and education, well-educated women could improve the care of sick patients

A

NIGHTINGALE

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13
Q

HISTORY OF NURSING

According to Nightingale, _ provides an “ideal independent calling” full of intellectuals and social freedome for women

A

NURSING

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14
Q

HISTORY OF NURSING

The war where Nightingale was assigned to

A

British Crimean War

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15
Q

Where is the Crimean war happening?

A

Uskudar, Scutari (modern Turkey)

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16
Q

Nightingale took ___ nurses to the war

A

18-30

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17
Q

When was Nightingale assigned to assist in the Crimean War?

A

1854

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18
Q

How did Nightingale managed to lower the death rate of the soldiers?

A

BY REORGANIZING THE HOSPITAL THROUGH PROPER SANITATION, VENTILATION, NOURISHMENT. AND ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINE

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19
Q

Terms used to describe Nightingale and why?

A

“LADY WITH THE LAMP” OR “ANGEL OF CRIMEA

BECAUSE SHE USUALLY MAKE ROUNDS DURING THE NIGHT, CHECKING HER PATIENTS AND PROVIDING COMFORT.

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20
Q

What did the Queen give as a token for Nightingale’s work and dedication?

A

NIGHTINGALE’S JEWEL (BROOCH)

$250,000 CASH

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21
Q

Nursing as a practice developed around ____ to ____

A

1840 AND 1845

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22
Q

During 1840 to 1845, Nursing started at ____?

A

HOME

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23
Q

Where do women receive their trainings? Where do they work after?

A

HOSPITALS WHO OWN EDUCATIONAL CENTERS USUALLY HIRE THEM AFTER TRAINING

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24
Q

What kind of training did nurses received after the war?

A

OBSERVATION-BASED LEARNING

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25
Q

After the war, how long do trainings usually last to be a nurse?

A

2-3 YEARS

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26
Q

During this period, nurses are required to have a specialty rather than just being a general nurse

A

1960S

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27
Q

During this era, women provide home-based care

A

INDEO-CHRISTIAN ERA

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28
Q

During this era, nurses have no formal training

A

INDEO-CHRISTIAN ERA

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29
Q

During the Indeo-Christian era, providing care is done because of ___?

A

HUMANITARIAN REASONS

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30
Q

During this era, Nursing became organized

A

MIDDLE AGE

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31
Q

When did the Middle Age occur?

A

500-1500 AD

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32
Q

During the Middle Age, nurses are usually part of _____?

A

RELIGIOUS ORDERS (NUNS, PRIESTS, ETC.)

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33
Q

During the Middle Age, training was acquired through _______?

A

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

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34
Q

During the Middle Age, nursing was performed as an ______________?

A

EXPRESSION OF CHRISTIAN LOVE

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35
Q

First visiting Nurse

A

PHOEBE OF CENCHREAE

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36
Q

Phoebe of Cenchreae is the founder of _________?

A

DEACONESSES

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37
Q

Group of Christian Women who served the sick and the poor

A

DEACONESSES

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38
Q

In Ancient ____, records of Nursing procedures are seen

A

EGYPT

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39
Q

In Ancient Egypt, physicians practiced medicine in _____, assisted by women helpers

A

TEMPLES

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40
Q

Nursing procedures and records in ancient Egypt gave emphasis on ______

A

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

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41
Q

Define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it,

A

NURSING THEORIES

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42
Q
A

NURSING THEORIES

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43
Q

Define nursing as a unique discipline that is separate from other disciplines

A

NURSING THEORIES

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44
Q

Beliefs and values that define a way of thinking which are generally know and understood by a group or discipline

A

PHILOSOPHY

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45
Q

“Guiding Principle”

A

PHILOSOPHY

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46
Q

Belief policy or procedure proposed followed as the basis of action

A

THEORY

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47
Q

Used as principles of explanation

A

THEORY

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48
Q

Used to describe, predict, or control phenomena

A

THEORY

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49
Q

Building blocks of theories

A

CONCEPT

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50
Q

Vehicles of thought that involves images

A

CONCEPT

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51
Q

Representation of the interaction among and between the concepts which shows pattern

A

MODELS

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52
Q

Group of related ideas, statements, or concepts

A

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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53
Q

Statements that describe the relationship between the concepts

A

PROPOSITION

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54
Q

Perspective or territory of a profession or discipline

A

DOMAIN

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54
Q

Perspective or territory of a profession or discipline

A

DOMAIN

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55
Q

Organized steps, changes, or functions intended to bring desired result

A

PROCESS

56
Q

Pattern of shared understanding and assumptions

A

PARADIGM

57
Q

Most general statement of discipline and functions as a framework focused on articulating relationship among four major concepts

A

METAPARADIGM

58
Q

First nursing theories appeared during the ______s where strong emphasis on nursing education was placed

A

1800s

59
Q

In 1860, Nightingale defined nursing through her _______

A

ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY

60
Q

States that “the act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him in his recovery”

A

ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY

60
Q

States that “the act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him in his recovery”

A

ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY

61
Q

During these years, Nursing scholars decided that nursing needs to produce its own scientifically tested body of knowledge

A

1950s

62
Q

In 1952, ________ introduced the “Theory of Interpersonal Relations”

A

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

63
Q

This theory emphasized that “nurse-client relationship” is the foundation of nursing practice

A

THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

64
Q

She conceptualized the nurse’s role in assisting the sick or healthy individuals to gain independence

A

VIRGINIA HENDERSON

65
Q

According to Henderson, Individuals (patients) will gain independence if _______ are met

A

14 FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS

VIRGINIA HENDERSON

66
Q

In 1960, _______ published “Typology of 21 Nursing Problems”

A

FAYE ABDELLAH

67
Q

Shifted the focus of nursing from a disease-centered approach to a patient-centered approach

A

“TYPOLOGY OF 21 NURSING PROBLEMS”

FAYE ABDELLAH

68
Q

In 1962, _______ emphasized the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse

A

IDA JEAN ORLANDO

69
Q

Stated that nursing’s professional function is to find out and meet the patient’s immediate need for help

A

IDA JEAN ORLANDO

70
Q

In 1968, _______ pioneered the “Behavioral System Model”

A

DOROTHY JOHNSON

71
Q

Upheld the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral functioning the patient

A

DOROTHY JOHNSON

72
Q

In 1970, _______ viewed nursing as both a science and an art

A

MARTHA ROGERS

73
Q

Stated that nursing “provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is integral with the universe.”

A

MARTHA ROGERS

74
Q

In 1971, _________ stated that that nursing care is required if the client is
unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs.

A

DOROTHEA OREM

75
Q

In 1971, __________ formulated the “Theory of Goal Attainment”

A

IMOGENE KING

76
Q

This theory states that the nurse is considered part of the patient’s environment and nurse-patient relationship is for meeting goals towards good health.

A

“THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT”

IMOGENE KING

77
Q

In 1972, ___________ stated that many needs exist, and each may disrupt client balance or stability.

A

BETTY NEUMAN

78
Q

According to her, the goal of the system model of nursing practice is for ____________

A

STRESS REDUCTION

79
Q

In 1979, __________ viewed the
individual as a set of interrelated systems that maintain the balance between these various stimuli

A

SR. CALLISTA ROY

80
Q

In 1979, __________ developed the philosophy of caring

A

JEAN WATSON

81
Q

Highlighted humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice

A

JEAN WATSON

82
Q

Four Major Concept of the Nursing Metaparadigm

A

PERSON
ENVIRONMENT
HEALTH
NURSING

83
Q

Also referred to as Client or Human Beings

A

PERSON

83
Q

Recipient of nursing care

A

PERSON

84
Q

Internal and external surroundings that affect the client.

A

ENVIRONMENT

85
Q

All positive or negative conditions that affect the patient

A

ENVIRONMENT

86
Q

Degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences

A

HEALTH

87
Q

Nurse’s attributes, characteristics, and actions

A

NURSING

88
Q

5 components of nursing theory

A

PHENOMENON
CONCEPTS
DEFINITIONS
RELATIONAL STATEMENTS
ASSUMPTIONS

89
Q

To describe an idea or response about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations

A

PHENOMENON

90
Q

To help describe or label a phenomenon

A

CONCEPTS

91
Q

Two types of concepts

A

ABSTRACT CONCEPTS
CONCRETE CONCEPTS

92
Q

Concept that is mentally constructed

A

ABSTRACT CONCEPT

93
Q

Concept that is independently of a specific time or place

A

ABSTRACT CONCEPT

94
Q

Concept that is directly experienced

A

CONCRETE CONCEPTS

95
Q

Concept that is related to a particular time or place

A

CONCRETE CONCEPTS

96
Q

Convey the general meaning of the concepts of the theory

A

DEFINITIONS

97
Q

Two types of definitions

A

THEORETICAL DEFINITIONS
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

98
Q

Definition based on the theorist’s perspective or own definition

A

THEORETICAL DEFINITIONS

99
Q

Definition that states how concepts are measured or “how things are done”

A

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

100
Q

Accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs

A

ASSUMPTIONS

101
Q

Explain the nature of concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory

A

ASSUMPTIONS

102
Q

Three Purposes of Nursing Theories

A

IN:
- ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
- RESEARCH
- PROFESSION

103
Q

Identify the major concepts in one or two nursing models, organize the concepts, and build an entire nursing curriculum

A

IN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

104
Q

Create curriculum to enhance skills and education

A

IN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

105
Q

Use theory as a framework to provide perspective and guidance to the research study.

A

IN RESEARCH

106
Q

Guide the research process by creating and testing phenomena of interest and connect the perceived “gap” between theory and practice

A

IN RESEARCH

107
Q

Generates research questions and knowledge for theory

A

IN PROFESSION

108
Q

Primary contribution of theory in this field has been the facilitation of reflecting, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do.

A

IN PROFESSION

109
Q

2 Classification of Nursing Theories

A

BY ABSTRACTION
BY GOAL-ORIENTATION

110
Q

3 major categories based on level of abstraction

A

GRAND THEORIES
MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES
PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES

111
Q

Abstract, broad in scope, and complex,

A

GRAND NURSING THEORIES

112
Q

Requiring further research for clarification.

A

GRAND NURSING THEORIES

113
Q

Do not guide specific nursing interventions but rather provide a General framework and nursing ideas.

A

GRAND NURSING THEORIES

114
Q

Developed based on the experience of nursing theorists

A

GRAND NURSING THEORIES

115
Q

Address the nursing metaparadigm components of person, nursing, health, and environment

A

GRAND NURSING THEORIES

116
Q

More limited in scope

A

MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES

117
Q

And present concepts and propositions at a lower level of abstraction

A

MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES

118
Q

Address a specific phenomenon in nursing

A

MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES

119
Q

Nursing scholars proposed using this level of theory

A

MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES

120
Q

Can be conceived from research, nursing practice, or the theories of other disciplines

A

MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES

121
Q

Situation-specific theories

A

PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES

122
Q

Narrow in scope and focuses on a specific patient population

A

PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES

123
Q

Provide frameworks for nursing interventions and suggest outcomes or the effect of nursing practice.

A

PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES

124
Q

Have a more direct effect on nursing practice

A

PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES

125
Q

Interrelated with concepts from middle-range theories or grand theories.

A
126
Q

2 Classification of Nursing Theorists according to Goal Orientation

A

DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES

127
Q

First level of theory development

A

DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES

128
Q

Describe the phenomena and identify its properties and components

A

DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES

129
Q

Not action-oriented or attempt to produce or change a situation

A

DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES

130
Q

2 types of descriptive theory

A

FACTOR-ISOLATING THEORY
EXPLANATORY THEORY

131
Q

Also known as “category-formulating” or “labeling theory”

A

FACTOR-ISOLATING THEORY

132
Q

Describe the properties and dimensions of phenomena.

A

FACTOR-ISOLATING THEORY

133
Q

Describe and explain the nature of relationships of certain phenomena to other phenomena

A

EXPLANATORY THEORY

134
Q

Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict consequence

A

PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES

135
Q

Includes proposition that call for change

A

PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES

136
Q

Used to anticipate the outcomes of nursing intervention

A

PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES

(NCM 100) THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING (1 decks)

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