INTRODUCTION TO NURSING Flashcards
1
Q
Assumes responsibility for the continuous care of the sick, injured, disabled, and the dying
A
NURSING
2
Q
Ultimate goal of Nursing is to ___?
A
IMPROVE PATIENT CARE
3
Q
Attributes, characteristics, and action of the nurse providing care
A
NURSING
4
Q
Responsible for encouraging the health of individuals, families, and communities
A
NURSING
5
Q
Largest, most diverse profession and one of the most respected of all healthcare professionals
A
NURSING
6
Q
Actively involved in health care research, management, policy deliberation, entrepreneurship, and patient advocacy
A
NURSES
7
Q
Assume independent responsibility for providing primary health care and specialty services
A
NURSES
8
Q
Work independently and in collaboration with other health care professionals
A
NURSES
9
Q
HISTORY OF NURSING
Professional Nursing traditionally begun with _________?
A
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
10
Q
HISTORY OF NURSING
Is a well-educated daughter of a wealthy British family who defied social conventions to become a nurse
A
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
11
Q
HISTORY OF NURSING
Nursing was not seen as a respectable career for the ___________. Why?
A
Upper Class
Because it is reserved for the poor or middle class. It is only acceptable for them to take care of their friends and intimate family only.
12
Q
HISTORY OF NURSING
Believed that through science and education, well-educated women could improve the care of sick patients
A
NIGHTINGALE
13
Q
HISTORY OF NURSING
According to Nightingale, _ provides an “ideal independent calling” full of intellectuals and social freedome for women
A
NURSING
14
Q
HISTORY OF NURSING
The war where Nightingale was assigned to
A
British Crimean War
15
Q
Where is the Crimean war happening?
A
Uskudar, Scutari (modern Turkey)
16
Q
Nightingale took ___ nurses to the war
A
18-30
17
Q
When was Nightingale assigned to assist in the Crimean War?
A
1854
18
Q
How did Nightingale managed to lower the death rate of the soldiers?
A
BY REORGANIZING THE HOSPITAL THROUGH PROPER SANITATION, VENTILATION, NOURISHMENT. AND ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINE
19
Q
Terms used to describe Nightingale and why?
A
“LADY WITH THE LAMP” OR “ANGEL OF CRIMEA
BECAUSE SHE USUALLY MAKE ROUNDS DURING THE NIGHT, CHECKING HER PATIENTS AND PROVIDING COMFORT.
20
Q
What did the Queen give as a token for Nightingale’s work and dedication?
A
NIGHTINGALE’S JEWEL (BROOCH)
$250,000 CASH
21
Q
Nursing as a practice developed around ____ to ____
A
1840 AND 1845
22
Q
During 1840 to 1845, Nursing started at ____?
A
HOME
23
Q
Where do women receive their trainings? Where do they work after?
A
HOSPITALS WHO OWN EDUCATIONAL CENTERS USUALLY HIRE THEM AFTER TRAINING
24
Q
What kind of training did nurses received after the war?
A
OBSERVATION-BASED LEARNING
25
After the war, how long do trainings usually last to be a nurse?
2-3 YEARS
26
During this period, nurses are required to have a specialty rather than just being a general nurse
1960S
27
During this era, women provide home-based care
INDEO-CHRISTIAN ERA
28
During this era, nurses have no formal training
INDEO-CHRISTIAN ERA
29
During the Indeo-Christian era, providing care is done because of ___?
HUMANITARIAN REASONS
30
During this era, Nursing became organized
MIDDLE AGE
31
When did the Middle Age occur?
500-1500 AD
32
During the Middle Age, nurses are usually part of _____?
RELIGIOUS ORDERS (NUNS, PRIESTS, ETC.)
33
During the Middle Age, training was acquired through _______?
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
34
During the Middle Age, nursing was performed as an ______________?
EXPRESSION OF CHRISTIAN LOVE
35
First visiting Nurse
PHOEBE OF CENCHREAE
36
Phoebe of Cenchreae is the founder of _________?
DEACONESSES
37
Group of Christian Women who served the sick and the poor
DEACONESSES
38
In Ancient ____, records of Nursing procedures are seen
EGYPT
39
In Ancient Egypt, physicians practiced medicine in _____, assisted by women helpers
TEMPLES
40
Nursing procedures and records in ancient Egypt gave emphasis on ______
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
41
Define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it,
NURSING THEORIES
42
NURSING THEORIES
43
Define nursing as a unique discipline that is separate from other disciplines
NURSING THEORIES
44
Beliefs and values that define a way of thinking which are generally know and understood by a group or discipline
PHILOSOPHY
45
"Guiding Principle"
PHILOSOPHY
46
Belief policy or procedure proposed followed as the basis of action
THEORY
47
Used as principles of explanation
THEORY
48
Used to describe, predict, or control phenomena
THEORY
49
Building blocks of theories
CONCEPT
50
Vehicles of thought that involves images
CONCEPT
51
Representation of the interaction among and between the concepts which shows pattern
MODELS
52
Group of related ideas, statements, or concepts
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
53
Statements that describe the relationship between the concepts
PROPOSITION
54
Perspective or territory of a profession or discipline
DOMAIN
54
Perspective or territory of a profession or discipline
DOMAIN
55
Organized steps, changes, or functions intended to bring desired result
PROCESS
56
Pattern of shared understanding and assumptions
PARADIGM
57
Most general statement of discipline and functions as a framework focused on articulating relationship among four major concepts
METAPARADIGM
58
First nursing theories appeared during the ______s where strong emphasis on nursing education was placed
1800s
59
In 1860, Nightingale defined nursing through her _______
ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY
60
States that “the act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him in his recovery”
ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY
60
States that “the act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him in his recovery”
ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY
61
During these years, Nursing scholars decided that nursing needs to produce its own scientifically tested body of knowledge
1950s
62
In 1952, ________ introduced the “Theory of Interpersonal Relations”
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
63
This theory emphasized that “nurse-client relationship” is the foundation of nursing practice
THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
HILDEGARD PEPLAU
64
She conceptualized the nurse’s role in assisting the sick or healthy individuals to gain independence
VIRGINIA HENDERSON
65
According to Henderson, Individuals (patients) will gain independence if _______ are met
14 FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS
VIRGINIA HENDERSON
66
In 1960, _______ published “Typology of 21 Nursing Problems”
FAYE ABDELLAH
67
Shifted the focus of nursing from a disease-centered approach to a patient-centered approach
“TYPOLOGY OF 21 NURSING PROBLEMS”
FAYE ABDELLAH
68
In 1962, _______ emphasized the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse
IDA JEAN ORLANDO
69
Stated that nursing’s professional function is to find out and meet the patient’s immediate need for help
IDA JEAN ORLANDO
70
In 1968, _______ pioneered the “Behavioral System Model”
DOROTHY JOHNSON
71
Upheld the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral functioning the patient
DOROTHY JOHNSON
72
In 1970, _______ viewed nursing as both a science and an art
MARTHA ROGERS
73
Stated that nursing “provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is integral with the universe.”
MARTHA ROGERS
74
In 1971, _________ stated that that nursing care is required if the client is
unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs.
DOROTHEA OREM
75
In 1971, __________ formulated the “Theory of Goal Attainment”
IMOGENE KING
76
This theory states that the nurse is considered part of the patient’s environment and nurse-patient relationship is for meeting goals towards good health.
“THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT”
IMOGENE KING
77
In 1972, ___________ stated that many needs exist, and each may disrupt client balance or stability.
BETTY NEUMAN
78
According to her, the goal of the system model of nursing practice is for ____________
STRESS REDUCTION
79
In 1979, __________ viewed the
individual as a set of interrelated systems that maintain the balance between these various stimuli
SR. CALLISTA ROY
80
In 1979, __________ developed the philosophy of caring
JEAN WATSON
81
Highlighted humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice
JEAN WATSON
82
Four Major Concept of the Nursing Metaparadigm
PERSON
ENVIRONMENT
HEALTH
NURSING
83
Also referred to as Client or Human Beings
PERSON
83
Recipient of nursing care
PERSON
84
Internal and external surroundings that affect the client.
ENVIRONMENT
85
All positive or negative conditions that affect the patient
ENVIRONMENT
86
Degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences
HEALTH
87
Nurse’s attributes, characteristics, and actions
NURSING
88
5 components of nursing theory
PHENOMENON
CONCEPTS
DEFINITIONS
RELATIONAL STATEMENTS
ASSUMPTIONS
89
To describe an idea or response about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations
PHENOMENON
90
To help describe or label a phenomenon
CONCEPTS
91
Two types of concepts
ABSTRACT CONCEPTS
CONCRETE CONCEPTS
92
Concept that is mentally constructed
ABSTRACT CONCEPT
93
Concept that is independently of a specific time or place
ABSTRACT CONCEPT
94
Concept that is directly experienced
CONCRETE CONCEPTS
95
Concept that is related to a particular time or place
CONCRETE CONCEPTS
96
Convey the general meaning of the concepts of the theory
DEFINITIONS
97
Two types of definitions
THEORETICAL DEFINITIONS
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
98
Definition based on the theorist’s perspective or own definition
THEORETICAL DEFINITIONS
99
Definition that states how concepts are measured or “how things are done”
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
100
Accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs
ASSUMPTIONS
101
Explain the nature of concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory
ASSUMPTIONS
102
Three Purposes of Nursing Theories
IN:
- ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
- RESEARCH
- PROFESSION
103
Identify the major concepts in one or two nursing models, organize the concepts, and build an entire nursing curriculum
IN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
104
Create curriculum to enhance skills and education
IN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
105
Use theory as a framework to provide perspective and guidance to the research study.
IN RESEARCH
106
Guide the research process by creating and testing phenomena of interest and connect the perceived “gap” between theory and practice
IN RESEARCH
107
Generates research questions and knowledge for theory
IN PROFESSION
108
Primary contribution of theory in this field has been the facilitation of reflecting, questioning, and thinking about what nurses do.
IN PROFESSION
109
2 Classification of Nursing Theories
BY ABSTRACTION
BY GOAL-ORIENTATION
110
3 major categories based on level of abstraction
GRAND THEORIES
MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES
PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES
111
Abstract, broad in scope, and complex,
GRAND NURSING THEORIES
112
Requiring further research for clarification.
GRAND NURSING THEORIES
113
Do not guide specific nursing interventions but rather provide a General framework and nursing ideas.
GRAND NURSING THEORIES
114
Developed based on the experience of nursing theorists
GRAND NURSING THEORIES
115
Address the nursing metaparadigm components of person, nursing, health, and environment
GRAND NURSING THEORIES
116
More limited in scope
MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES
117
And present concepts and propositions at a lower level of abstraction
MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES
118
Address a specific phenomenon in nursing
MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES
119
Nursing scholars proposed using this level of theory
MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES
120
Can be conceived from research, nursing practice, or the theories of other disciplines
MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES
121
Situation-specific theories
PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES
122
Narrow in scope and focuses on a specific patient population
PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES
123
Provide frameworks for nursing interventions and suggest outcomes or the effect of nursing practice.
PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES
124
Have a more direct effect on nursing practice
PRACTICE-LEVEL THEORIES
125
Interrelated with concepts from middle-range theories or grand theories.
126
2 Classification of Nursing Theorists according to Goal Orientation
DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
127
First level of theory development
DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
128
Describe the phenomena and identify its properties and components
DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
129
Not action-oriented or attempt to produce or change a situation
DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
130
2 types of descriptive theory
FACTOR-ISOLATING THEORY
EXPLANATORY THEORY
131
Also known as “category-formulating” or “labeling theory”
FACTOR-ISOLATING THEORY
132
Describe the properties and dimensions of phenomena.
FACTOR-ISOLATING THEORY
133
Describe and explain the nature of relationships of certain phenomena to other phenomena
EXPLANATORY THEORY
134
Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict consequence
PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
135
Includes proposition that call for change
PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
136
Used to anticipate the outcomes of nursing intervention
PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
