Introduction to Networking Concepts Flashcards
What is the OSI model? (Definition)
A conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology.
OSI Model (acronym definition)
Open Systems Interconnection model
Layers of the OSI model(in order)
- Physical
- Data Link
- Network
- Transport
- Session
- Presentation
- Application
What is the function of the physical layer of the OSI model?
Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium.
What is the function of the data link layer of the OSI model?
Reliable transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer.
What is the function of the network layer of the OSI model?
Structuring and managing a multi-node network, including addressing, routing and traffic control.
What is the function of the transport layer of the OSI model?
Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network, including segmentation, acknowledgement and multiplexing.
What is the function of the session layer of the OSI model?
Managing communication sessions, i.e., continuous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions between two nodes.
What is the function of the presentation layer of the OSI model?
Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryption.
What is the function of the application layer of the OSI model?
High-level APIs, including resource sharing, remote file access.
What is a protocol data unit(PDU)?
a single unit of information transmitted among peer entities, such as the individual layers of the OSI model, of a computer network.
The PDU of the transport layer (OSI model):
the segment or the datagram
The PDU of the network layer (OSI model):
the packet.
The PDU of the data link layer (OSI model):
the frame.
The PDU of the physical layer (OSI model):
the bit/symbol.
The PDU of the session layer (OSI model):
the data.
The PDU of the presentation layer (OSI model):
the data.
The PDU of the application layer (OSI model):
the data.
The PDU of the link layer (TCP/IP suite):
the frame.
The PDU of the internet layer (TCP/IP suite):
the packet.
The PDU of the transport layer (TCP/IP suite):
the TCP segment for TCP and the datagram for UDP.
What are the media layers on the OSI stack?
- Physical
- Data Link
- Network
What are the host layers on the OSI stack?
- Transport
- Session
- Presentation
- Application
What is a network protocol?
a set of rules used by computers for formatting and processing data. a common language for computer communication.
Which protocols run on the network layer?
- IPSec
- ICMP
- IGMP
What protocols are used on the Internet?
- TCP
- HTTP
- HTTPS
- TLS/SSL
- UDP
What protocols do routers use?
- BGP
- EIGRP
- OSPF
- RIP
what is TCP/IP (or the internet protocol suite)?
a suite of protocols that govern how data transmission port numbers track different conversations.
What layer(s) of the OSI model does the TCP/IP protocol’s application layer map to?
- application
- presentation
- session
What layer(s) of the OSI model does the TCP/IP protocol’s transport layer map to?
the transport layer.
What layer(s) of the OSI model does the TCP/IP protocol’s internet layer map to?
the network layer
What layer of the OSI model does the TCP/IP protocol’s link layer map to?
- physical
* data link
Functionality of TCP protocol:
- connection-oriented
- reliable
- provides flow control & error dectection
Functionality of UDP protocol:
- connection-less
- non-reliable/no handshake is performed
- “best effort” protocol
What are the steps in a ‘TCP 3 way handshake’?
- SYN
- SYN/ACK
- ACK
How are flags used by TCP connections?
to give the protocol directions on what you want to do.
