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Mini #4 > Introduction to Neoplasia > Flashcards

Introduction to Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is an example of hamartoma?

  1. An ovarian mass built of tissues originating from two cell germ layers
  2. A mass in the thyroid built of mature lymphoid tissue
  3. A mass in the brain build of mature neurons and glial cells
  4. A mass in the cerebellum build of neuronal progenitors
  5. A mass in the kidney build of mature adrenal cortex
A
  1. An ovarian mass built of tissues originating from two cell germ layers - teratoma
  2. A mass in the thyroid built of mature lymphoid tissue - choristoma: normal/mature tissue in a foreign spot

3. A mass in the brain build of mature neurons and glial cells: module/adnormal structure of tisue in it’s respective site; question is example of TB

  1. A mass in the cerebellum build of neuronal progenitors - teratoma (?)
  2. A mass in the kidney build of mature adrenal cortex - choristoma: normal/mature tissue in a foreign spot
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2
Q

Match tumors (A-M) with tumor categories (1-4) they belong to

  1. Benign tumors of epithelial origin
  2. Benign tumors of mesenchymal origin
  3. Malignant tumors of epithelial origin
  4. Malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin
    a. Hamartoma
    b. Choristoma
    c. Adenoma
    d. Adenocarcinoma
    e. Mature teratoma
    f. Urothelial carcinoma
    g. Melanoma
    h. Choriocarcinoma
    i. Malignant teratoma
    j. Chondroma
    k. Liposarcoma
    l. Leiomyoma

. Rhabdomyosarcoma

A
  1. C
  2. J, L
  3. F
  4. K, M

A. Hamartoma: nodule/abnormal structure of tissue in its respective place

B. Choristoma: mature tissue in a foreign spot

C. Adenoma: benign glandular epithelium

D. Adenocarcinoma: malignant glandular epithelium

E. Mature teratoma: benign tumor of multiple germ layers

F. Urothelial carcinoma: malignant tumor of urothelium

G. Melanoma: malignant tumor of melanocyte

H. Choriocarcinoma: malignant tumor of placenta

I. Malignant teratoma: malignant tumor of multiple germ layer

J. Chondroma: benign cartilaginous tumor (mesenchyme)

K. Liposarcoma: malignant tumor of adipocytes

L. Leiomyoma: benign smooth muscle tumor (mesenchyme)

M. Rhabdomyosarcoma: malignant tumor involving striated muscle tissue

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3
Q

Patients with chronic myelogeneous leukemia can be successfully treated with imatinib (Gleevec), a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, only because the disease is associated with…

  1. trisomy 8 or 21
  2. t(9;22)
  3. isochromosome 17
  4. deletion of chromosome 4 5. t(8;21)
A

2. t(9;22) - Imatinib/Gleevec inhibits only tyrosine-kinase activity of BCR-ABL hybrid

  1. trisomy 8 or 21 - chromosomal abnoramlity
  2. isochromosome 17 - although CML can cause ISO17 Gleevec cannot sure it
  3. deletion of chromosome 4 5. t(8;21)
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4
Q

A 45-year-old woman presents with enlarged lymph nodes, hemato- and splenomegaly. Examination of peripheral blood smears reveals an increased WBC count with presence blasts and other immature myeloid cells. Which of the following is the most likely genetic abnormality that can be found in this patient?

  1. t(2;14)
  2. t(8;14)
  3. t(14;18)
  4. t(8;21)
  5. t(9:22)
  6. t(11;22)
A
  1. t(2;14) - N/A
  2. t(8;14) - MYCC (TF)
  3. t(14;18) - BCL2 (anti-apoptosis)
  4. t(8;21) - N/A

5. t(9:22)- ABL:BCR hybrid (TKR) - Chronic Myeloid LEUKEMIA *WBC ONLY*

  1. t(11;22) - N/A

Hint: Remember

14;18 - LYMPHOMA

8;14 - LYMPHOMA

9;22 - LEUKEMIA *WBC ONLY*

11;14 - LYMPHOMA

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5
Q

An African child presents with a mass shown below. Biopsy confirms proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. Which of the following is the most likely genetic background of this condition

*Also, name other cancers of translocations leading to lymphoma*

A. Translocation of MYCN from chromosome 2 to IgH region on chromosome 14

B. Translocation of MYCN from chromosome 2 to BCR region chromosome 22

C. Translocation of MYCC from chromosome 8 to IgH region on chromosome 14

D. Translocation of MYCN from chromosome 2 to BCR region on chromosome 22

E. Amplification of MYCN on chromosome 2

F. Amplification of MYCC on chromosome 8

A

C. Translocation of MYCC from chromosome 8 to IgH region on chromosome 14: BURKITT LYMPHOMA; transcription factor; t (8; 14)

*All lead to LYMPHOMA due to IgH receptor disruption*

A. Translocation of MYCN from chromosome 2 to IgH region on chromosome 14

B. Translocation of MYCN from chromosome 2 to BCR region chromosome 22

D. Translocation of MYCN from chromosome 2 to BCR region on chromosome 22

E. Amplification of MYCN on chromosome 2

F. Amplification of MYCC on chromosome 8

Cancers due to translocation –> loss of controlled cell growth

BCL2: t (14;18) - IgH –> Follicular Lymphoma (anti-apoptosis)

Cyclin D: IgH - t(11;14) - Mantle Cell Lymphoma (cyclin)

BCR:ABL hybridization: t (9;22) - CML (tyrosine kinase receptor)

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6
Q

A 62-year-old Caucasian female presents with a lump in her right breast. Physical examination reveals a 3-cm firm, non- tender, movable mass with ill-defined margins. A biopsy is performed and the gross and microscopic appearance of the lesion is shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

  1. Benign tumor
  2. Hamartoma
  3. Choristoma
  4. Teratoma
  5. Cancer (carcinoma)
A
  1. Benign tumor - is not a malignant tumor, which is cancer. It does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body the way cancer can.
  2. Hamartoma
  3. Choristoma
  4. Teratoma

5. Cancer (carcinoma): Invasive growth, grossly and microscopically; no lobular/TDLU structure; atypical glands

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7
Q

Which of the following is the most unique feature of malignant tumors?

  1. High mitotic activity
  2. Ability to form a capsule
  3. Ability to invade the surrounding tissues
  4. Ability to metastasize
  5. Presence of tissues from more than one germ layers
A
  1. High mitotic activity - benign and malignant tumors
  2. Ability to form a capsule - tumor-like conditions
  3. Ability to invade the surrounding tissues - must invade AND destroy

4. Ability to metastasize: causes 2ry tumor: tumor not associated with local anatomy, ex: breast cancer cells in non-breast tissue; makes it more resistent to therapy

  1. Presence of tissues from more than one germ layers - teratoma
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8
Q

At the autopsy of a 67-year-old Caucasian female, a 3-cm well-circumscribed nodule in the left kidney was found. Histologic examination shows that the mass was composed of the brain tissue with mature ganglionic cells. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

  1. Hamartoma
  2. Teratoma
  3. Choristoma
  4. Metastases of malignant brain tumor
A

mass in kidney was composed of the brain tissue with mature ganglionic cells

3. Choristoma - mature tissue in foreign location/ defined borders

  1. Hamartoma - nodule/abnormal structure of tissue in its native origin
  2. Teratoma - totipotent/embryonic germ layer tumors
  3. Metastases of malignant brain tumor - brain cancer tissue in non-brain cells
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Mini #4 (13 decks)

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