Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEDI1000 > Introduction to mycology, virology, parasitology > Flashcards

Introduction to mycology, virology, parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

How are fungi different from plants and animals?

A

Presence of cell wall

No chlorophyll; does not obtain energy from photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do yeast differ from moulds

A

Yeast: unicellular
Moulds: mycelial growth of tubular filaments; hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a dimorphic fungus?

A

depending on environment; can exist either as yeast or mould

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What media is used for growing fungi?

A

Sabouraud’s agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are oranges spoilt by mould rather than bacteria?

A

Environment of an orange suits fungi rather than bacteria; acidic, moist, aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the types of asexual spore of fungi

A 
1- sporangiospores (sporangio-) 
2- Chlamydospores (chlamydo-)
3- Conidiospores
(Conidio-) 
4- Arthrospores (Arthro-) 
5- Blastospores (Blasto-)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the four stages of fungal sexual spore formation

A

1- Dikaryotic: Cells of + thallus and – thallus fuse
2- Diploid: After several hours / years/ centuries nuclei fuse
3- Meiosis of nucleus restores haploid state
4- Haploid nucleus partitioned into + and - spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List three types of fungal sexual spores

A

1- Zygospores (Zygo-)
2- Ascospores (Asco-)
3- Basidiospores (Basidio-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name one dermatophyte that causes tinea.

A

M. Gypseum

T. Mentagrophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sporotrichosis is caused by which fungi?

A

Sporothrix Schenckii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systematic mycoses are caused by which fungi?

A

1- Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum)
2- Blastomycosis (B. dermatitidis)
3- Coccidiodomycosis (Coccidioides immisits)
4- Paracoccidoidomycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Candidosis, cryptococcosis and pneuosytis pneumonia are diseases caused by opportunistic fungi. (T or F)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mycotoxins contaminate approximately 25% of foods worldwide, however do not usually cause disease, why?

A

Rarely appear at dangerous levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why can’t viruses be grown on artificial media?

A

Cannot live independently

Dependent on hosts to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main feature of viruses that is used to classify them?

A

Presence of DNA or RNA

Enveloped or non-enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What two main viral symmetries do viruses causing human diseases have?

A

Most human diseases caused by viruses have a icosahedral or helical symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What two ways that viruses can cause disease?

A

1- Replication within host cell; causes direct damage of the cell
2- Host defences are weakened as it attempts to fight and remove the virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the stages of viral infectivity

A 
Mild
Latent
Severe
Chronic 
Oncogenic 
Teratogenic
19
Q

List two methods of viral control

A

1- Heat
2- Disinfectants
3- Vaccines

20
Q

What is the basic structure of viruses?

A

Nuclei acid (DNA/RNA)
Capsid (protein coat) & capsomeres (capsid subunits)
Presence/absence of an enevelope

21
Q

List two modes of transmission of viruses

A

Direct/indirect contact
Food borne
Air borne
Direct inoculation

22
Q

List two methods of detecting viruses for diagnostic purposes

A 
Nucleic acid detection (PCR) 
Blood samples (serological tests)
23
Q

What is a prion?

A

Proteinaceous infectious particle

24
Q

What are the names for round and flat worms?

A

Helminths
Roundworms: Nematodes
Flat worms: Platyhelminths

25
Q

Trichinella spiralis is found in what type of food?

A

Pork

26
Q

What is the common name for cestodia?

A

Tapeworm

27
Q

Why are nematode infections so common?

A

Lack of sanitation, as transmission of nematodes are commonly through faeces.

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Malaria and why do these symptoms occur?

A 
Fever
Chills
Nausea
Headaches 
Due to lysis (bursting) of RBCs as they are infected with metroziotes
29
Q

What is the main route of infection for parasites? What is an exception?

A

Faeces, as eggs are passed through faeces and can be transmitted via water. It can also be ingested through food.

30
Q

What are the general properties of fungi?

A
  • Eukaryote
  • Unicellular + multicellular
  • Vary in size
  • Reproduction: Yeast; budding and moulds spores
  • Grows on synthetic media
  • Tolerate high salt, sugar and low pH
31
Q

What are the levels of classification of fungi?

A
  • Based on thallus; vegetative body of fungus
    1- Moulds: mycelial growth of tubular filaments; hyphae
    2- True yeasts: unicellular
    3- Yeast-like fungi
    4- Dimorphic fungi: can exist either and yeast or mould dependent on the environment
32
Q

What are the benefits of fungi?

A 
Food preparation
Antibiotic production
Enzyme production
Acid production
Decomposition
33
Q

What the harmful effects of fungi?

A

Food spoilage
Mycotoxin production
Unwanted growth on surfaces
Animal and plant disease

34
Q

What are the growth requirements for fungi?

A

Temp: 25-30
Acidic pH 4-6
Moist
Aerobic; requires oxygen

35
Q

Name the types of fungal infections

A 
1- Superficial infections
2- Skin 
3- Cutaneous 
4- Sub-cutaneous
5- Systemic mycoses
6- Dermatophycoses 
7 -Opportunistic fungal infections
36
Q

How does virus replication occur?

A 
1- Attachment
2- Penetration
- Entry into host cell 
- Uncoats: shedding protein shell
3- Replication of viral genome
- Varies; production of viral mRNA
- Production of viral proteins 
4- Production of structural viral proteins 
5- Assembly of progeny virions
6- Release of virions from cell
37
Q

What are examples of pathogenic human DNA viruses?

A 
Herpes viruses 
Adenovirus 
Papillomavirus 
Pox viruses
Hepadnavirus 
Polymavirus 
Parvo B19
38
Q

What are examples of nematodes

A
  • Tichinella spiralis
  • Acaris lumbicoides
  • Trichuris trichiura
  • Hookworms
39
Q

What is the method of nematode transmission?

A
  • Egges in faeces

- Water borne

40
Q

What is an example of platyhelminths?

A

Trematodia; liver flukes

41
Q

How are trematodia transmitted?

A
  • Establishes itself in bile duct
  • Eggs passed into faeces
  • Eggs passed into water system
  • Eggs ingested by water snails & larvae released
  • Ingested by sheep and cattle
  • Ingested by humans
42
Q

What is causes fascioliasis and what are its symptoms?

A

Disease caused by trematodia

Symptoms: fever, tiredness, loss of appetite

43
Q

What diseases are caused by protozoa?

A 
1- Malaria
2- Giardia lambila
3- Entamoeba Histolytica
4- Cryptosporidium Parvum 
5- Tozoplasma gondii

MEDI1000 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions