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TimBar. Microbiology > Introduction to Microbiology and Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Introduction to Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The microbiome refers to bacteria alone, not fungi

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2
Q

25% of the world population have latent infection with TB

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3
Q

There are about 5 new cases of TB infection every day in Singapore

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4
Q

Childhood immunization includes tetanus diphtheria and pertussis

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5
Q

Adult immunisation includes pneumococcal vaccine for people over 65yrs

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6
Q

The chromosome in prokaryotes is a linear strand of DNA

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7
Q

Prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles

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8
Q

The prokaryotic ribosome is 70s

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9
Q

Bacteria multiply by binary fission

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10
Q

Bacteria measure about 2-4 millimeters (mm)

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11
Q

Gram positive bacteria have an outer cell membrane

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12
Q

Most bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan

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13
Q

Bacterial cell shapes are determined by the cell membrane

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14
Q

Gram positive bacteria stain pink with the gram stain

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15
Q

Lipo-polysaccharide is found in the inner cell membrane

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16
Q

Plasmids are non-chromosomal pieces of DNA

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17
Q

Plasmids may encode genes for resistance to antibiotics

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18
Q

Plasmids may encode genes for pathogenicity factors

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19
Q

Conjugation refers to the uptake of plasmids from the environment

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20
Q

Bacteriophages may spread resistance by transduction of plasmids

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21
Q

Mycoplasma spp. are resistant to drugs that act on peptidoglycan

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22
Q

Porins are channels in cell membranes

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23
Q

Flagellae confer motility on bacteria

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24
Q

Pili enable bacteria to attach to target surfaces

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25
Q

Mycobacteria stain well with the gram stain

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26
Q

The Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain is for fungi

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27
Q

The auramine stain is a fluorescent stain

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28
Q

Gram negative intracellular diplococci are typical of Neisseria spp.

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29
Q

Campylobacter spp. are spiral gram negative bacteria

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30
Q

Dark ground illumination is used for very thin bacteria

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31
Q

Flagella help bacteria to adhere to surfaces

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32
Q

Fimbriae are used for motility

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33
Q

Capsules allow long term dormancy

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34
Q

Spores help the bacterium evade the immune system

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35
Q

True or false
Gram positive cocci in clusters are typical of a Staphylococcus spp.

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36
Q

Gram positive cocci in chains are typical of a Streptococcus spp.

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37
Q

Gram positive rods arranged as chinese characters are Bacillus spp.

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38
Q

Spores are formed by Clostridia spp.

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39
Q

Spores are formed by Bacillus spp.

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40
Q

Fungal cell walls contain cellulose

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F

41
Q

Fungi can perform photosynthesis

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42
Q

All fungi are filamentous

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43
Q

A mould is a yeast

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44
Q

Di-morphic fungi can exist as both yeasts and as filamentous fungi

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45
Q

True or false
Conidia become airborne and spread infection through the air

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46
Q

Fungi are not inhibited by antibiotics

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47
Q

Candidiasis is common in immunosuppressed patients

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48
Q

Aspergillus is a dimorphic fungus

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F

49
Q

Sabouraud’s medium is a common fungal media

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50
Q

True or false
Trematodes are flukes

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T

51
Q

Cestodes are tape worms

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T

52
Q

Nematodes are round worms

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53
Q

Helminths are parasites

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T

54
Q

Helminths have backbones

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F

55
Q

Ascaris is several mm long

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F

56
Q

Helminths are ‘neglected tropical diseases’

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T

57
Q

Diagnosis of helminth infection is often by microscopy

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T

58
Q

Helminths stay in the gut and don’t invade tissue

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F

59
Q

The global parasite burden is small

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F

60
Q

True or false
The ‘microbiome’ collectively refers to all organisms

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T

61
Q

The microbiome may influence the development of our immune system

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T

62
Q

Each person’s normal flora is constant and doesn’t change

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F

63
Q

‘Colonisation resistance’ resists the establishment of new flora

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T

64
Q

A ‘carrier’ of a pathogen is colonised with that pathogen

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65
Q

E. coli is part of the normal gut flora

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65
Q

S. aureus is carried by about 30% of people in the anterior nares

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T

66
Q

Commensals can cause infections

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T

67
Q

Candida is normal flora but causes disease when allowed to proliferate

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T

67
Q

Overgrowth of Clostridium difficile is harmless

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F

68
Q

Coagulase negative staphylococci don’t cause infections

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F

68
Q

Blood cultures are often contaminated with skin flora

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T

69
Q

Transient carriage is not an infection control problem

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F

70
Q

Cutibacteria contribute to acne

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T

71
Q

Normal skin flora includes mites and yeasts

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T

72
Q

The mouth is a clean site, devoid of normal flora

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F

73
Q

Bite wounds are treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

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T

73
Q

Oral anaerobic bacteria contribute to bite wound infections

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T

74
Q

Pathogenic bacteria may be carried in the pharynx

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75
Q

Aspiration of oral flora can result in aspiration pneumonia

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75
Q

Organisms cultured from lung samples are always pathogens

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F

76
Q

When cilia function is compromised, infections follow

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T

76
Q

The stomach pH is too low for most bacteria to survive

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T

76
Q

Helicobacter pylori colonises the stomach

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T

76
Q

The small bowel has a rich flora

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F

77
Q

Oral flora is unaffected by antibiotics

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F

78
Q

Lung abscesses often contain mixed streptococci and anaerobes

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T

79
Q

E.coli is the main constituent of large bowel flora

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F

79
Q

Vaginal flora fluctuates with age and hormonal status

A

T

TimBar. Microbiology (16 decks)

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